Vocabulary:

conceived [kqn's°vd] a.– задуманный

beyond recognition [bI'jPnd"rekq'gnISn] – до неузнаваемости

continuous [kqn'tInjuqs] a.– непрерывный

feature ['f°Cq] v.– характеризоваться, отличаться

Isaac ['aIzqk] Исаак

landmark ['lxnd"mRk] n.– достопримечательность, архитектурный памятник

lubrication ["l³brI'keISn] n.– смазка

luxurious [lAg'zjuqrIqs] a.– роскошный

serf [s´f] n. – крепостной

supervision ["s³pq'vIZqn] n. – наблюдение

Tauride Palace ['t²rIdq'pxlqs] – Таврический дворец

Petrine Baroque ['petrIn bq'rPk] – Петровское барокко

World Heritage Site [w´ld'herItIG"saIt] – объект всемирного наследия

hardscape ['hRdskeIp] n. – малые архитектурные формы

Answer the following questions:

1. What is the main feature of the construction of Saint Petersburg?

2. Who created the first general layout of Saint Petersburg?

3. What was the first structure of the future city and who made a suggestion on the overall scheme of this structure?

4. What structure did DomenicoTrezzini design?

5. What was the first predominant architectural style in Saint Petersburg?

6. Who was the most outstanding architect during the reign of Elizabeth and in what architectural style did he create his luxurious palaces?

7. What architectural style replaced the Baroque? Give the examples of the structures built in accordance with this new style.

8. What two remarkable cathedrals were constructed in the19^th century?

9. What was the most impressive landmark of Saint Petersburg in the19^th century?

10. What architectural style prevailed in the 19^th century?

11. What architectural style was developed during the construction of the Yeliseyev Brothers Trade House and the House of Books?

12. How do present – day architects improve and decorate the centre of Saint Petersburg?

13. What architectural value do the Historic Centre of Saint Petersburgand Related Groups of Monuments constitute ?

А, РРАН, ДАС, Гр (III семестр)

Urban design

Urban design involves the arrangement and design of buildings, public spaces, transport systems and services. Urban design is the process of giving form and character to groups of buildings, to whole neighborhoods, and the city. It is a framework that orders the elements into a network of streets, squares, and blocks. Urban design blends architecture, landscape architecture, and city planning together to make urban areas functional and attractive.

Urban design includes the following elements:

1. Buildings are the most pronounced elements of urban design - they shape and articulate space by forming the street walls of the city.

2. Great public spaces are the places where people come together to enjoy the city and each other. Public spaces make possible high quality life in the city.

3. Streets are the connections between spaces and places, and are spaces themselves. They are defined by their physical dimension and character as well as the size, scale, and character of the buildings that line them.

4. Transport systems connect the parts of cities, help to shape them, and enable movement throughout the city. They include road, rail, bicycle, and pedestrian networks, and form the total movement system of a city. The best cities are the ones that elevate the experience of the pedestrian minimizing the dominance of the private automobile.

5. The landscape is the green part of the city that weaves throughout - in the form of urban parks, street trees, plants, flowers, and water in many forms. The landscape defines the character and beauty of a city and creates soft or contrasting spaces and elements.