Vocabulary:

social media tools ['sPuSql 'mJdIq"t³lz] – общедоступные средства коммуникации

entertainment [entq'teInmqnt] n. – развлечение, досуг

exhibition ["eksI'bISq] n. – выставка

encourage [In'kArIG] v. – способствовать, помогать

value ['vxlj³] v. – ценить, оценивать

establishment [I'stxblISmqnt] n. – учреждение, заведение

provide [prq'vaId] v. – обеспечивать, предоставлять

competitiveness [kqm'petqtIvn¶s] n. – конкурентоспособность

manifest ['mxnIfest] v. – служить доказательством

graduate from ['grxGueIt'frPm] v. – окончить высшее учебное заведение

term [t´m] n. – зд. семестр

broad-ranging ['br²d'reInGIN] – обширный

in demand [dI'm±nd] – пользующийся спросом, востребованный

module ['mPdj³l] n. – модуль

holder ['hquldq] n. – обладатель

enable [I'neIbl] v. – позволять, давать возможность

on my own [Pn maI'qun] – самостоятельно

Answer the following questions:

1. How old are you?

2. What are you interested in?

3. How do you like spending your free time?

4. What did your parents encourage you to do?

5. Why did you decide to become an engineer/ architect/ economist/ computer programmer?

6. Which educational establishment did you enter?

7. Why did you enter Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering?

8. Why isn’t it difficult for the graduate of the University to find a job?

9. Which speciality do you study?

10. What does the educational process include?

11. What will the Bachelor’s Degree enable you to do?

12. What do professional educational courses for getting the Master's Degree include?

13. What opportunity will you have as a Master's Degree holder?

14. What will increase your competitiveness and give you the possibility to get an interesting and well paid job?

С, ЗК, СУЗС, СМ (II семестр)

Building materials

Before the construction process begins basic materials, such as wood, iron, and stone and manufactured prod­ucts, such as plywood sheets, cast iron pipes, and concrete blocks, must all be determined. Combinations of materials are widely used, such as trusses con­sisting of glued laminated timber cast iron pipe with portland cement lining, members in combination with steel mem­bers, concrete beams reinforced with prestressed steel wire, or window and frame units containing glass, several kinds of metal, and plastic all in one assembly.

An assembly is either completely built at the factory (factory assembled) or partly produced at the factory and assembled on the site (site assembled). Some of the types of work that takes place on the site are also manufactur­ing processes. When concrete is mixed and placed or steel is cut and welded these processes are also called manufacturing.

The builder, like the designer must select, inspect, and test materials which are best suitable for his purpose from among those available.

The types of materials used in buildings have already become standardized. However, new materials are constantly being designed. For example, methods have been developed to make wood highly fire resistant. The development of steel allowed the construction of longer spans than had been possible when wood was the only available material. The development and proper use of new materials require good knowledge of their properties and characteristics.