- •Федеральное агентство по образованию
- •I. Введение
- •Контрольная работа №1
- •Указания по работе с текстами для самостоятельной работы дома (10 тыс. Знаков).
- •I семестр control work n 1
- •I. Слово с окончанием ”s”
- •Б) личное местоимение в именительном падеже (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) показывает, что следующее за ним слова – сказуемое
- •III. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
- •IV. Времена английского глагола времена группы simple
- •Структура специальных вопросов
- •Употребление временных форм глагола в страдательном залоге
- •B) страдательный залог
- •V. Participle
- •Modal verbs
- •Control work n 1
- •VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения с модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами.
- •VII. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3 абзацы текста. Выполните задание после текста. Management
- •VIII. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту:
- •VIII. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту:
- •VIII. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту:
- •Control work n 1
- •Variant 4
- •I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием “s”:
- •II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие определения, выраженные сущ.
- •VIII. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту:
- •VIII. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту:
- •II семестр control work n 2
- •I. Многофункциональность глаголов to be и to have
- •Многофункциональность глагола to be.
- •Present Past Future
- •Am, is are was, were will be
- •Многофункциональность глагола to have Present Past Future have, has had will have
- •II. Значение слов it, that/those, one.
- •III. Неличные формы глагола
- •Инфинитив в предложении
- •Герундий (Gerund)
- •Примеры функции герундия в предложении
- •Причастие I (Participle I)
- •Способы перевода причастия I на русский язык
- •Building
- •Инфинитивные конструкции Инфинитивная конструкция «сложное подлежащее»
- •Инфинитивная конструкция «сложное подлежащее»
- •II. Независимый и зависимый причастные обороты
- •Participle
- •If the temperature is low, Если температура будет низкой,
- •Control work n 2
- •Variant 1
- •I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have.
- •II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
- •2. Planned Economics
- •VIII. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту:
- •Introduction to banking and financial markets
- •VIII. Используя текст, закончите следующие предложения:
- •Control work n 2
- •Variant 3
- •I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have.
- •II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
- •Management functions
- •VIII. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту:
- •Why finance?
- •VIII. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту:
- •IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, принимая во внимание, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
- •V. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов.
- •VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.
- •VII. Устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и переведите предложения из
- •What is a small business?
- •VIII. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту:
- •I семестр Outside Sources of Financing
- •Vocabulary
- •Short-term financing
- •Long-term financing
- •1. Short-term financing is money that will be used for one year or less and then repaid.
- •Answer the questions:
- •Accounting General definition of accounting
- •The basis for the accounting process
- •A balance sheet
- •An income statement
- •The importance of the above two statements
- •1.General definition of accounting
- •2. The basis for the accounting process
- •3. A balance sheet
- •4. An income statement
- •5. The importance of the above two statements
- •Answer the questions:
- •In other words, the management is the process of coordinating the resources of an organization to achieve the primary organizational goals.
- •Forms of business in the usa Active vocabulary
- •Forms of Business Ownership Active vocabulary
- •Тексты для самостоятельной работы
- •III семестр
- •Assets and Liabilities
- •Active vocabulary
- •Bookkeeping as Part of Accounting Cycle Active vocabulary
- •Accounting Information Active vocabulary
- •III семестр the manager's role /3 000 3hak0b/
- •Decision-making /4 000 знаков/
- •In carrying out management functions, such as planning, organizing motivating and controlling, a manager will be continually making decisions. Decision-making is a key management responsibility.
- •Тексты для чтения по специальности эуп.
- •3 Семестр Traditional economies
- •Market economies
- •2. Freedom of choice and enterprise.
- •3Self-interest.
- •4. Competition.
- •5. Markets and prices.
- •If we look at the different political and social structures which exist in the world today people have used, and are using a very great varieties of economic systems. Command Economies
- •Mixed Economies
Forms of business in the usa Active vocabulary
Alien |
Иностранец |
Liable for |
Ответственный за |
At will |
По желанию |
Authorities |
Власти |
State authorities (Am.) |
Власти штата (амер.) |
State authorities (E) |
Государственные власти (европ.) |
To state |
Указывать |
Power |
Способность, возможность |
Powers |
Полномочия |
Taxation |
Налогообложение |
To confer |
Сопоставлять |
Assets and liabilities |
Активы и пассивы |
To swap |
Обменивать |
Work output |
Результат работы |
To impose on smth |
Облагать (налогом) |
Business entity |
Бизнес предприятия |
To associate |
Объединяться |
Vehicle |
Форма, средство |
To accomplish |
Завершать |
To purchase one’s interest |
Приобретать долю |
Hybrid |
Смесь |
Business in the USA may be organized as one of the following forms:
sole proprietorship (individual business)
general partnership
limited partnership
corporation
alien corporation
By nature a sole proprietorship has only one owner who is personally responsible for all debts and obligations of the business as well as claims made against him. There are no shares of stock or certificates or other papers to confer ownership of a sole proprietorship. The owner simply owns all of the assets and liabilities of the business. He may buy, sell, swap, trade, or give away those assets and liabilities freely, although certain kinds of property often have to be registered (for example, motor vehicles). With all the attention paid to corporations, partnerships, limited liability companies, and the other more complex business vehicles in the commercial world, it is still true that many businesses, especially small ones, are simple sole proprietorships. This should not be all that surprising. Many young businesses are “mom and pop” enterprises, with both the decision – making and the work output resting in the hands of very few, even one, number of people. Many professionals, too, practice their work by themselves, and they avoid the record-keeping and report filing responsibilities that the government imposes on many kinds of business entities.
A general partnership is an association between two or more partners who associate for a common enterprise, and share the profits and losses from that enterprise. It’s perhaps the simplest of business entities. A partnership may exist even when there is no written or oral agreement to form one. It is merely a vehicle for its owners to use to accomplish their business purposes. This means that all profits and losses are passed directly to the owners and the partners are personally responsible for the partnership’s debts and for claims against the partnership. General partners have joint and several liabilities for those debts and claims.
All partners must make a contribution to purchase their interest in the partnership, but there are no limitations on what kind property may be contributed. Partners may participate in the partnership’s management.
A limited partnership is sort of a hybrid of a general partnership and a corporation. It is similar to, but slightly different from, a general partnership in that there are two different kinds of partners. The owners of a limited partnership are its general and limited partners. A limited partnership has got at least one general owner, at least one limited partner, and at least two different partners. In other words, the same person cannot be both the general and the limited partner. The general partners are responsible for the day-to-day operation and management of partnership, while the limited partners have much more restricted roles in its management. The bigger the role a partner plays in managing the partnership, the more likely that partner is to be considered a general partner. The limited partners usually have individual liability for partnership debts and claims against it, while the general partners have joint and several liabilities. All partners must make a contribution to purchase their interest in the partnership. To form a limited partnership, the partners must enter into a written or an oral partnership agreement that is the best way to define everyone’s rights, privileges, and duties.
A limited partnership must use the term “Limited”, “Ltd.”, or “L.P.” in its name.
A corporation is owned by persons, called stockholders. The stock- holders usually have certificates showing the number of shares which they own. The stockholders elect a director or directors to operate the corporation. Most corporations are closed corporations, with only a few stockholders who buy and sell their shares at will. Usually they have little interest in management of the corporations.
A corporation must use “Corporation”, “Incorporated”, “Company”, or an abbreviation of one of those words in its name.
Alien corporations are corporations of foreign countries. All the corporations are to receive their charters from the state authorities. The charters state all the powers of the corporation. Many corporations try to receive their charters from the authorities of the State of Delaware because the laws are liberal there and the taxation is rather low. Such corporations, which receive their charters from an outside state, are called foreign corporations.
All the corporations require a certificate to do business in the state where they prefer to operate.