Neonatal herpes simplex showing congenital ulceration and scarring at 10 days.

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DIAGNOSIS

1)Tissue cultures of clinical specimens such as CSF or cutaneous, oral lesion. The optimal specimen is usually vesicle fluid obtained within 3 days of its appearance.

2)Direct or indirect fluorescent antibody staining can detect HSV antigens.

3)Tzanck smear.

4)Polymerase chain reaction

TREATMENT : Intravenous acyclovir 60 mg/kg per day divided in three daily doses for 14 to 21 days, depending on the extent of disease

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FETAL VARICELLA SYNDROME

•When mother develops varicella between the 7th-20th week of pregnancy, spontaneous abortion may follow, or the child may be born with a variety of abnormalities considered characteristic of fetal varicella syndrome (FVS) .

•Appears to occur most frequently when maternal infection has occurred between-weeks 13 and 20.

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Pregnant women who are not immune (on the basis of history, and, preferably, serology), and who experience exposure to varicella zoster, should be given varicella zoster immune globulin (VZIg).

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FUNGAL INFECTIONS

•NEONATAL CANDIDIASIS

•CONGENITAL CANDIDIASIS

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NEONATAL CANDIDIASIS

•Occurs in the early weeks after birth, in the form of oral candidiasis with or without candidiasis in the napkin area ( Diaper candidiasis)

•Infection is acquired during delivery.

•Disseminated candidiasis is seen in neonates in an ICU as a result of- invasive monitoring techniques, use of systemic antibiotics, and total parenteral nutrition in a neonate with low immunological responses.

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•White, “flaky,” creamy patches are seen on the tongue and mucous membranes of the mouth, gum, and palate.

•They cannot be easily removed and have an erythematous base.

•The rash in diaper candidiasis is usually focused in the perianal area, and is a deep ‘beefy’ red colour , with a moist appearance.

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