ANETODERMA OF PREMATURITY
•Found-extremely premature babies (<29 weeks).
•Loss of elastic tissue in the dermis and presents with atrophic lesions that often herniate.
•Underlying cause- unknown.
•Nummular areas of cutaneous atrophy appearing on the trunk and/or proximal limbs within a few weeks of birth.
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•It is non progressive and persistent.
•Skin biopsy-reduced or absent elastic tissue.
•No known treatment for anetoderma.
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SKIN DISORDERS IN THE NEONATE
•ERYTHEMA TOXICUM NEONATORUM
•TRANSIENT NEONATAL PUSTULAR MELANOSIS
•MILIARIA
•DIAPER DERMATITIS (NAPKIN DERMATITIS OR NAPPY RASH)
•APLASIA CUTIS CONGENITA
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ERYTHEMA TOXICUM NEONATORUM
•Evanescent eruptions(persist for 2-3 days)
•Asymptomatic papules, vesicles and occasionally pustules present on an erythematous background.
•Commonly seen-term infants, rare in preterm and low birth weight infants.
•Maximum incidence -first 4 days of life.
•The terminology is inappropriate as there is no evidence of a toxic cause.
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•Could be an innate immune response of a newborn infant to commensal microbes that gain entry into the skin tissue, through the hair canal.
•Systemic symptoms are absent .
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Diagnosis :
•Investigations-rarely needed as it is a clinical diagnosis.
•Giemsa staining of the smear of pustule -eosinophilic concentrate.
•No organisms can be seen or cultured. Treatment:
•No treatment required
•Lesions spontaneously disappear in 3–7 days.
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TRANSIENT NEONATAL PUSTULAR MELANOSIS
•Vesiculopustular rash that occurs in 5 percent of black newborns, but in less than 1% of white newborns.
•In contrast to ETN, the lesions of transient neonatal pustular melanosis lack surrounding erythema.
•Lesions rupture easily, leaving a collarette of scales and a pigmented macule that fades over three to four weeks.
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•It is transient, benign, self-limiting dermatoses of unknown aetiology characterised by 3 types of lesions:
(1)Evanescent superficial pustules: Fragile, 1-5 mm pustules present at birth.
(2)Ruptured pustules with collarette of fine scales: Resolution of pustules with surrounding fine white collarette of scales.
(3)Hyperpigmented macules: Represent post- inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
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One hour after birth, flaccid vesiculopustules and superficial erosions with minimal surrounding erythema are present in the groin.
On the 8th day of life, hyperpigmented macules and a few collarettes of scale are evident on the lower leg
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