TRANSIENT PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES
•VERNIX CASEOSA
•PERIPHERAL CYANOSIS/ ACROCYANOSIS
•ERYTHEMA NEONATORUM
•HARLEQUIN COLOUR CHANGE
•CUTIS MARMORATA
•MONGOLIAN SPOT
•SEBACEOUS GLAND HYPERPLASIA
•MILIA
•DESQUAMATION (PHYSIOLOGICAL SCALING OF NEWBORN)
•MACULAR HEMANGIOMA
•MINIATURE PUBERTY
•SUCKING BLISTERS
•NEONATAL OCCIPITAL ALOPECIA
•NEONATAL ACNE
•LANUGO
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ANETODERMA OF PREMATURITY |
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VERNIX CASEOSA
•At birth-skin is covered with a whitish, greasy film.
•Covers-entire skin surface, or may be present only in body folds such as the groins.
•Comprises-lipids and contains antimicrobial peptides.
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•Golden yellow staining - Haemolytic disease of the newborn and postmaturity.
•Fetal distress in utero leads to staining of the vernix by the bile pigments present in meconium.
•Infected vernix-characteristic indicatong neonatal sepsis.
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FUNCTIONS
1. Maintenance of skin hydration at birth
2.Provides anti-infective environment
3.Helps in skin cleansing
4.Acts as physical barrier
5.Thermal regulation at birth
6.Antioxidant properties
7. Wound healing properties |
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PERIPHERAL CYANOSIS/ ACROCYANOSIS
•Acrocyanosis-cutaneous manifestation in newborn, occuring due to vasomotor instability.
•Bilateral and symmetric bluish discolouration of the hands and feet sparing the warmer parts of the body seen.
•More common in full term neonate.
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•The cyanotic hue disappears on warming the extremities.
•More prominent in
1.Hypothermic newborns
2.Newborns with polycythaemia and other hyperviscosity syndromes.
•No pathological significance and it disappears in first few weeks of life.
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HARLEQUIN COLOUR CHANGE
•Occurs when the newborn is made to lie on his/her side.
•It is a vascular event- involves erythema of the dependent part of the body and simultaneous paleness or blanching of the contralateral side.
•Sharp demarcation line present between the erythematous and pale zones.
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•Wide variation in the duration of attacks, but generally between 30 seconds- 20 min.
•Thought to be secondary to a relative hypothalamic control immaturity of the sympathetic peripheral vascular tone.
•No therapy required
•Increased activity like crying usually ablates the colour change.
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•As skin matures, this vascular phenomena disappears.
•If persisting beyond the end of the fourth week-may be associated with hypoxia due to cardiovascular anomalies.
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CUTIS MARMORATA
•Transient, benign, reticulated mottling of the skin that symmetrically involves the trunk and extremities.
•Caused by- vascular response to cold and generally resolves when the skin is warmed.
•No treatment indicated.
•Persistence seen in Down syndrome, trisomy 18, hypothyroidism.
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