yastrebova_Part_1

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

4.Он расслабился, только когда сел на паром (ferry).

5.Когда я сошел с поезда в Гааге, опять шел дождь!

6.Я не ожидал, что ему будет так тяжело оправиться после поражения на шахматном турнире.

7.Вам удалось связаться с главным офисом компании?

8.Я позвоню, как только мы закончим красить кухню.

9.Он долго откладывал написание доклада и взялся за него незадолго (shortly before) до презентации.

10. Хилари наконец закончила курс французского языка.

Ex. 23. Make up a short story using as many phrasal verbs GET as possible.

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

GRAMMAR

WAYS TO SPEAK ABOUT THE PRESENT

THE BASICS

2.With verbs describing continuous, uninterrupted processes, such as live, work, study, wait, speak, play, etc. both the Present Perfect Continuous and the Present Perfect can be used with little difference in meaning.

He has been waiting for the right offer for some time. She has waited a long time for rest.

Ex. 24. a) Read the passage. Is Bill Oddie happy with his life?

b) Identify the tense forms of the underlined verbs and explain their use.

Bill Oddie usually goes to bed at 11. And he is sleeping a lot better now than he used to. That’s because he has found his niche (a job that is perfect for him). “I’m learning to respect myself a bit more”, he says. Bill is a naturalist. For years he has been watching birds. Now he presents the BBC programme How to Watch Wildlife. He gets a lot of satisfaction from the fact that he has made at least some people interested in birds and wildlife. That makes him quite proud.

Ex. 25. Choose the correct verb form in italics for each sentence. Explain your choice.

1.On average, men get / are getting slightly less sleep than women.

2.Keith has been doing / has done research for 20 years.

3.Queen Elizabeth has witnessed / witnesses over the past 50 years a gradual transformation of the British Empire into the Commonwealth.

4.He has completed / completed the task and is relaxing / relaxes now.

5.Sir David Manning is / has been British ambassador to the US for a few months.

6.May I speak to Mr. Grimes, please? — Who is calling / calls, please?

7.He always sends / is sending the kids gifts on Christmas.

8.I have seen / have been seeing you someplace before.

9.He has no passport as he has never been / was never out of the country.

10. They are / have been friends since childhood.

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

11.Where is the money? — I have made / made some investments.

12.It seems that he speaks / is speaking no English though he lived / has lived in that country for some time.

13.Have you had / been having breakfast yet?

14.We have been discussing / are discussing the situation for some weeks now.

THE PARTICULARS

PRESENT SIMPLE

1.Primary uses

TIME EXPRESSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH

THE PRESENT SIMPLE USED FOR REPEATED/REGULAR ACTIONS

Ex. 26. Read the extract from an article about the famous Brazilian author Paulo Coelho. Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Simple and explain the use of the tense.

Paulo Coelho (not live) the life of a celebrity. He (spend) half the year in Rio de Janeiro, the city of his birth, but he (feel) most at ease in a tiny village St. Martin in the Pyrenees Mountains. When not writing, he (cut) the grass, (practice) archery (стрельба из лука), (read) and (keep) in touch with the world electronically.“I (have) 500 television channels and I (live) in a village with no bakery,”he says with a laugh.

Mr. Coelho (be) a Catholic and he (spend) every New Year’s Eve in Lourdes where the shrine (гробница, усыпальница) to the Virgin Mary is. But Mr. Coelho (not be) a Roman Catholic writer. Indeed, many of his books (speak) to readers in countries with cultures and beliefs as different as Egypt and Israel, India and Japan. His explanation?

“I (know) we (have) the same questions,” he says. “But we (not have) the same answers”.

Ex. 27. Read the extract from an interview with a successful model Laura Bailey in which she speaks about her always-on-the-move lifestyle.

Note that adverbs of frequency such as always, often, usually, ever, never, etc. usually

go in mid position, that is before the main verb, but after the verb “be”.

NB

She often goes to the theatre.

She is always happy and helpful to everyone.

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

A. Fill in the gaps with an appropriate time expression.

I.: — ________________(1) do you fly, Laura?

L.: — Every couple of weeks or at least once a month. So I am in and out of Heathrow all the time. I _______________ (2) have a couple of long holidays once or twice a year too.

I.: — Do you get to the airport early or not?

L.: — I _______________ (3) plan to give myself a couple of hours at the airport to relax before my flight, indulge in some shopping, have something to eat and to drink. That’s the plan, but ______________

(4) I end up racing through check-in and regret not leaving time to enjoy at the airport. I.: — What kind of packer are you — minimalist or kitchen sink?

L.: — I ________________ (5) try to pack as little as possible to check in. That isn’t ______________ (6) possible. My hand luggage contains my in-flight essentials. I _______________ (7) travel without my iPod and when I am at the airport I ________________ (8) pick up a couple of paperback novels and stock up with fashion magazines.

B. Speak about Laura’s approach to packing and travelling using suitable time expressions.

Ex. 28. Read the extract from an interview with Billy Oddie. Work in pairs. Ask each other questions about Billy’s daily routine.

I wake up with the sun. At this time of year I am usually awake by about seven. I don’t have any breakfast. I don’t have a shower. Just throw on some jeans and a T-shirt, and leave the house.

Both me and my wife, Laura, go to Hampstead Heath7 — we live just round the corner. She goes off jogging and I walk up to the top of Parliament Hill8 and have a look at London and watch birds.

By 9, I meet Laura down at Polly’s cafe in Hampstead. My breakfast consists of muesli and fruit with a couple of black coffees. Breakfast time is when we talk.

As soon as I am back at the house, I go into the garden and feed the birds. Then I go up to the office and do things like pay bills and ring people. I don’t have an e-mail address.

Lunch is always at home. I’m not on a diet, but I like health food. I eat plenty of fruit every day. After lunch I read newspapers and listen to music. In the afternoon I love going to Oxford Street

where I usually buy a new album for my collection. I spend most of my money on music. In the evening I sometimes arrange band practice: me and my friends play jazz.

I have a shower at some point in the evening. Always a shower — I don’t like baths. Then I come down and have dinner. If Laura is out, I have a bit of spaghetti, some sausages, a few tomatoes.

I’m very selective about TV. I always watch sport, football and rugby in particular. I usually go to bed at eleven.

2.Other uses

The Present Simple can be used to give past events more immediacy

a)in a narrative or an anecdote

An Englishman and a Scotsman collide on a sharp bend in the road. To the amazement of both, they are unscathed (невредимы), though their cars are both destroyed. In celebration of their luck, both agree to put aside their dislike for the other from that moment on...

b)in newspaper headlines

Egypt and Israel sign trade deal.

(участники «Порохового заговора», целью которого было убийство короля Якова I ) are believed to have gathered to watch the Houses of Parliament blow up.

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

Ex. 29. Give more immediacy to the events of the jokes.

I. One day an Englishman, a Scotsman, and an Irishman walked into a pub together. Each of them bought a pint () of Guinness. Just as they were about to enjoy their drink three flies landed in each of their pints, and were stuck in the thick head (пена). The Englishman pushed his beer away from him in disgust. The Scotsman fished the offending fly out of his beer and continued drinking it. The Irishman too, picked the fly out of his drink, held it over the beer and then started yelling, “Spit it out, spit it out, you bastard!”

II. McLeod asked the conductor how much the bus fare into the city was.“Fifteen cents,”said the conductor. McLeod thought it was a bit too much so he decided to run behind the bus for a few stops. “How much is it now?” he gasped. “Still fifteen cents,” said the conductor. McLeod ran three further stops behind the bus and was barely able to ask the conductor again what the fare was now.“Twenty cents,” said the conductor. “You are running in the wrong direction”.

Ex. 30. Change these sentences from newspaper articles into headlines. Use the underlined words and phrases to help you. Avoid using the Passive Voice. Don’t use articles.

Model: Southern Japan has been lashed by a powerful typhoon.

Powerful typhoon lashes southern Japan.

1.Two British soldiers were killed by a roadside bomb in southern Iraq on Monday.

2.An airliner crashed in a busy residential area of Indonesia’s third biggest city just after take-off.

3.Nottingham University has launched its £ 20 m campus in China.

4.US President George W Bush has given the CIA director new powers, including some control over other intelligence agencies.

5.The Dutchess of Cornwall (Camilla) has expanded her charitable work to become the new patron of five more organizations.

6.The top US emergencies official has resigned following criticism over the response to Hurricane Katrina.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Note: The Present Continuous can be used with the time expressions always, constantly and forever to show that the speaker is annoyed. Remember that when no

emotional colouring is implied, the Present Simple is used for repeated actions.

NB

Compare: Little Billy always tells lies to his mother, but she never believes him. (neutral) He is always telling lies. (annoyance)

TIME EXPRESSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

now, at present, at the moment, still, nowadays, these days

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

Ex. 31. Group the sentences according to the use of the Present Continuous:

a)action in progress at the moment of speaking

b)action in progress at the present period

c)repeated actions causing the speaker’s annoyance

1.He is forever scratching his head and his backside.

2.Unemployment is rising faster in Darlington than in many development areas.

3.George is trying to change the conversation.

4.I'm a football man, and I'm working with footballers at the moment, that's my job.

5.The Captain is reading the paper, Corporal Lewis is making coffee and Corporal Merryweather is half asleep.

6.New problems are constantly arising.

7.Keep your voices down. Strangers are listening.

8.Large companies grow like dinosaurs and are forever reorganizing.

9.Scientists in California are developing a new kind of computer memory, based on a photochemical process.

10.My sons are always fighting and I can't stand it any more.

11.Detective Milton is waiting for you.

12.The islands on which Venice is based are sinking, 9 inches in this century alone; at the same time the world's sea level is rising as the polar ice caps melt.

Ex. 32. Decide which of the sentences may be emotionally coloured and make the necessary changes.

1.People constantly come to see the actress in her dressing room.

2.He constantly comes up with bright ideas for making money.

3.Dr. Douglas always shows respect for the patient and has time to listen.

4.Mike constantly boasts about his muscles.

5.I always forget things and lose things.

6.Some people always achieve success.

7.The auto manufacturer constantly makes an effort to improve its products.

8.Henry forever fingers his chin.

9.My daughter is 9 weeks old and she constantly cries because she wants to be held.

10.Kevin always makes the right decisions.

11.My car always gets scratched.

12.Why do you always ask me questions?

Ex. 33. A. Speak about your friends’ and fellow-students’ habits you fi nd annoying.

Model: My fellow-student Boris is constantly arguing with everybody! I can’t stand it.

Tips:

to speak loudly, to come late, to talk on the phone, to break one’s promises, to tell lies, to talk back,

to be rude, to leave things till the last minute.

B. Make up a story about the annoying habits of your roommate in the dormitory (younger / elder brother or sister, next-door neighbour, etc.)

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

PRESENT CONTINUOUS vs PRESENT SIMPLE

Note: Some state verbs that refer to physical feeling (feel, hurt, ache) can be used in the Present Simple or Present Continuous without much difference of meaning.

I feel a bit embarrassed. I am feeling lucky.

NB

I can’t understand why my chest hurts. I think Benny’s foot is hurting her.

Ex. 34. Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Simple or Present Continuous.

1.He (always / complain) about money and it really gets on my nerves.

2.The politician (make) an attempt to create a new party.

3.Music (unite) people of quite different cultural backgrounds.

4.“We (put) a lot of effort into this album,” said the musician.

5.Maria (always / stay) at a hotel when she comes to London.

6.The two Ministers (sign) an agreement on trade and economic cooperation at the moment.

7.The English Channel (separate) Britain from France and the mainland of Europe.

8.This festival constantly (succeed) in bringing together people from around the world.

9.John (suffer) from pneumonia and has been taken to hospital.

10.Good breeding (воспитание) (consist) in concealing how much we think of ourselves and how little we think of the other person. (Mark Twain)

11.Every Saturday Bob (do) a little hiking to stretch his legs.

12.I (constantly / forget) things and (miss) appointments.

Ex. 35. Translate into English.

1.Местные жители по традиции ходят босиком (barefoot).

2.Старший сын миссис Смит постоянно приезжает навестить ее.

3.Мой сосед по комнате в общежитии (roommate) постоянно разбрасывает свои вещи!

4.Культура объединяет или разъединяет народы?

5.Ей всегда удается замечательно выполнить любую работу.

6.Министр иностранных дел в данный момент ставит подпись под договором.

7.В чем состоит путь к успеху?

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

8.Мери сейчас гостит у бабушки.

9.Я не люблю разговаривать с Дженни. Она всегда со мной соглашается. 10. Экономика этой страны сейчас страдает от инфляции.

11. Этот замечательный песчаный пляж простирается на километры. 12. Я не доверяю Сэму. Он всегда нарушает свои обещания!

Some of the state verbs can be used in the Present Continuous, but the verb changes its meaning. Study the common differences.

Ex. 36. Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Simple or Present Continuous.

1.a) Why everything that is good for you (taste) awful?

b)I (taste) the milk because I’m afraid it has gone off.

2.a) She doesn’t want to know how much she (weigh).

b)The shop-assistant (weigh) the apples on the scales at the moment.

3.a) They (consider) themselves hard-working, dedicated and badly-paid.

b)The Howards (consider) moving to the countryside.

4.a) Helen’s daughter (have) problems in her marriage.

b)Our city (have) a lot of customs that are mysteries to tourists and locals alike.

5.a) “Oh yes, I know”, said Alice, and added, “Good-night”, and went downstairs, thinking, “I (be) silly”.

b)Mr Carter (be) a very successful businessman.

6.a) My boss (think) I’m working on a new project.

b)I know Douglas (think) of going to France.

7.a) The air (smell) sweet. Spring is certainly here.

b)I like the commercial where the dog (smell) "bacon".

8.a) I’m happy to hear you (love) the trip.

b)I (love) trips away for the weekend.

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

Ex. 37. A. Describe what you can see out of the window in the classroom.

Model: A woman is crossing the road. Students are having a lecture in the opposite wing of the building.

B. Contest. Imagine you’re a detective following a suspect. Talk to your “partner” on the walkie-talkie and describe what the suspect is doing (10 sentences). Choose the best description using the following criteria:

1)interesting details

2)absence of mistakes.

Ex. 38. Translate into English using state verbs.

1.Ваш муж ведет себя неразумно в данной ситуации.

2.Лидер партии подумывает о том, чтобы объединить усилия с другими членами оппозиции.

3.Кофе вкусно пахнет, но горький (bitter) на вкус.

4.Все считают господина N успешным политиком.

5.Дети сейчас замечательно проводят время за городом (use the verb have).

6.Посмотри! Собака нюхает кошачью еду.

7.Я сейчас получаю большое удовольствие от работы.

8.Сколько весит этот арбуз?

9.— Суп вкусный? — Я как раз его пробую. Вкус замечательный.

10.Я думаю, они неразлучные друзья.

11.Я обожаю путешествовать.

12.Ник взвешивает рыбу, которую только что поймал (use the Present Perfect).

PRESENT PERFECT

* However, if this period is viewed as past the Past Simple is normally used.

Compare: Betty has met him three times today. (today is still continuing) Betty met him three times today. (today is viewed as past)

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?