yastrebova_Part_1
.pdf
Chapter 1. Unit 2. Across the Atlantic
Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I
Ex. 27. Compare your academic life at school and at university. Think of as many differences as you can and tell the class about them. Use an informal style.
e.g. Life at school was a bit easier, but at the university it’s a lot more interesting. Entering the university is easily the best thing that has happened to me.
Ex. 28. Study the facts about Great Britain, the USA, and Russia. A. Use the information to make comparisons about the countries.
Model: The UK has a slightly higher life expectancy than the USA and much higher than Russia. In fact, the UK has the highest life expectancy of the three countries.
|
total area |
population |
average life |
GDP |
GDP per capita** |
|
country |
(thousand |
(billion |
(thousand |
|||
(mln) |
expectancy* |
|||||
|
square km) |
dollars) |
dollars) |
|||
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UK |
244.7 |
60 |
79 |
1,782 |
29.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
USA |
9,364 |
295 |
77 |
11,750 |
40.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Russia |
17,075 |
143 |
67 |
1,408 |
9.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Life expectancy — продолжительность жизни.
**Per capita — на душу населения.
B.Work in pairs. Ask each other questions to compare the facts. You may make use of any other information about the countries.
Model: — Is the population in the UK as large as in the USA?
— No, it’s much smaller. It’s the smallest of all the countries.
Ex. 29. Translate into English.
A.
1.Элизабет немного выше своей старшей сестры.
2.«Бэтмен» — худший из фильмов, которые я когда-либо видел.
3.Глазго — самый крупный город Шотландии и один из самых посещаемых городов мира.
4.Виктор не так успешен в бизнесе, как его друг.
5.Пэм одна из лучших студентов в группе.
6.Решение не такое простое, как ты думаешь.
7.Их новый дом такой же большой, как старый.
8.Футбол — гораздо более захватывающая игра, чем гольф.
9.Ольга немного моложе своего мужа.
10.Какой вид транспорта самый безопасный?
11.Лондон такой же шумный, как Нью-Йорк?
12.Этот компьютер немного дороже, чем другие, но он намного лучше.
B.
1. К 1954 году у него была одна из самых успешных галерей современного искусства в Лондоне.
2.В Уэльсе самый высокий в Великобритании процент (proportion) курильщиков.
3.Майкл, их младший брат, обещал приехать из Лондона на Пасху (at Easter),
а Люк, самый старший, отказался покидать Лондон.
92
Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I
4.Активный отдых намного лучше пассивного, поэтому специалисты рекомендуют прогулки, велосипед и плавание.
5.ВВП на душу населения в этом районе (region) Coeдиненного Королевства немного ниже среднего по стране.
6.Классификация естественного мира у (among) индейских племен Южной Америки такая же сложная и интересная, как у ученых-биологов (academic biologists).
7.Марк восседал за (presided behind) письменным столом размером с теннисный корт.
8.Куин Мэри 2 — самый большой и роскошный (luxurious) из когда-либо построенных пассажирских лайнеров.
9.Учительница сказала, что девочка — самая умная и активная (make the superlative stronger) ученица в классе.
10.Британия все еще больше всех загрязняет (use “polluter”) моря Северной Европы.
11.Американская администрация пытается сделать Америку менее зависимой от иностранных энергетических ресурсов.
12.Джейк не хотел продолжать эксперимент, пока не получит дальнейших указаний.
ARTICLES
THE ARTICLE WITH PROPER NOUNS (I)
Ex. 30. Look through the following paragraph and fi ll in the gaps with articles.
The settlers who left ___ East Coast became pioneers to push westwards in thin lines along the rivers and then through the mountain passes. The American Frontier — that imaginary line dividing areas with more than two people per square mile from those with fewer — was at one time just on the other side of ___ Appalachian Mountains. Then it was found in the areas that are today known as the Midwest. Soon it was across ___Mississippi. By 1853 ___U.S. had acquired the entire western part of the country, by purchase, conquest and treaty. ___Louisiana was sold by ___ France in 1803, while ___Florida was ceded by ___Mexico in 1819, other Mexican states joining the Union between 1821 and 1853. Of the two detached states ___Alaska was purchased from ___ Russia in 1867, while ___ Hawaiian islands were annexed in 1898.
Ex. 31. Check yourself: compare the articles you used with those in paragraph 4, text The United United States (See Appendix). Suggest the rules for the use of articles with geographical names.
Ex. 32. Study the tables below and fi nd out if your suggestions coincide with the rules.
1. The article “the” is usually used with the names of:
oceans |
the Arctic Ocean |
seas |
the Black Sea |
rivers |
the Volga |
channels |
the English Channel |
canals |
the Suez Canal |
gulfs |
the Gulf of California |
|
|
groups of lakes |
the Great Lakes |
groups of islands |
the British Isles |
peninsulas |
the Cola Peninsula |
mountain ranges |
the Urals |
deserts |
the Sahara Desert |
|
|
Chapter 1. Unit 2. Across the Atlantic
93
Chapter 1. Unit 2. Across the Atlantic
Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I
2.The zero article is used with the names of:
planets |
Mars, Venus |
continents |
Australia BUT the Americas |
countries* |
Great Britain BUT the Russian Federation |
states, provinces and counties |
Texas, Alberta, Sussex |
cities |
Moscow, New Orleans BUT the Hague |
|
|
bays |
Hudson Bay |
an island (separate) |
Sicily |
a lake (singular) |
Lake Baikal |
a mountain |
Mount Everest |
capes |
Cape Cod, The Cape (= The Cape of Good Hope) |
|
|
Note: the article the is usually used
1. when of is part of the name
NB
e.g.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The Bay of Biscay
The Cape of Good Hope
The Lake of the Woods
2.with the plural names of countries or when the word “republic”, “empire”, “kingdom”, etc. is part of the name.
e.g.
The Netherlands, the Philippines, the Czech Republic
3.with the names of distinct geographic areas employing the points of the compass (the east, the west, etc.)
e.g. |
|
The South |
The Far East |
The Midwest |
The Middle East |
But in combination with place names the zero article is used. e.g.
North Africa New South Wales
Remember: the use of the article the is not always determined by the rules. If in doubt, consult a dictionary or a grammar reference book!
Ex. 33. Say each of the following items using the where necessary.
Newfoundland, Baltic Sea, UK, Far East, Libyan Desert, United Arab Emirates, South-East Asia, Lake Geneva, Rocky Mountains, Hague, Hudson Bay, Indian Ocean, Cardiff, Manchester Canal; Asia Minor, Caucasus, USA.
Ex. 34. Give English equivalents using the where necessary.
Российская Федерация, Санкт Петербург, Большой Лондон, Темза, Ла-Манш, Аппалачи, Луизиана, Новый Орлеан, Потомак (река), Эдинбург, Восточная Англия, Пеннины, Саррей, Ближний Восток, Синайский полуостров, Техас, Монблан, Ватикан, Ирландская республика, Черное море, Крым, Нидерланды, Гаага, округ Колумбия, Мексиканский залив, Вест-Индские острова, Гибралтар, Гибралтарский пролив.
94
Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I
Ex. 35. Reading the map
In Julus Verne’s novel The Mysterious Island five Americans find themselves on an uninhabited island lost in the ocean. Once they explored the island they decided to give names to its angles, points, etc.
1. Look at the map and comment on their choice of names. What principles do you think they followed?
Remember: to save space articles on geographical maps are omitted, but we USE them where necessary when we SAY the names.
2. Imagine yourself in a similar situation. What names would you suggest? Make a list of names (with articles!) and discuss it with a partner.
Lincoln Island
Mount Franklin
34˚57'
Pacific Ocean
|
Shark |
Gulf |
|
Union Bay |
|
|
|
|
Lake |
|
Safety Island |
Grant |
|
34˚57' |
Mercy
Forest of Far West
Claw Cape
Peninsular
Serpentine
Washington Bay
Pacific Ocean
Chapter 1. Unit 2. Across the Atlantic
95
Chapter 1. Unit 2. Across the Atlantic
Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I
CHECK YOURSELF
1. Compare the countries using the information below.
|
total area |
population |
average life |
GDP |
GDP per capita |
|
country |
(thousand |
(billion |
(thousand |
|||
(mln) |
expectancy |
|||||
|
square km) |
dollars) |
dollars) |
|||
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Australia |
7,741 |
20 |
80 |
611.7 |
30.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canada |
9,971 |
32 |
80 |
1,023 |
31.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Russia |
17,075 |
143 |
67 |
1,408 |
9.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. Work in pairs. Translate the following word combinations without consulting the Vocabulary List.
to suffer the consequences to be intended for teachers to stay out of danger below average
to have every intention of doing smth to tell off a student for being late
достичь полного согласия обладать независимостью объявить о своих намерениях состоять из нескольких заданий придерживаться соглашения нести убытки суверенное государство
пережить кого-л. на несколько лет сказаться на чьем-л. здоровье
to divide the party
to consist in doing smth to agree to the idea
on average
an independent learner
to talk smb into speaking at a conference
борьба за выживание средний возраст причинять страдания с намерением сделать что-л.
разделить деньги между родственниками объявить независимость согласиться по всем вопросам остановиться у друзей дерзить родителям
3. What article is used with “land” objects? “water” objects? countries and cities? Add the defi nite article where necessary:
Bermudas, Hudson Bay, Netherlands, MountVesuvius, Danube,West Indies,Vatican, Iberian Peninsular, Venus, Venezuela, Far East, Hague, Appalachian Mountains, Lake Erie, Persian Gulf, South America, Central African Republic, Arctic Ocean, Mont Blanc, North Wales, Bay of Bengal, Antarctic, Argentina, Newfoundland, Mediterranean Sea, Strait of Dover, Brussels, Northern Ireland, Nevada Desert, Czech Republic.
4.Choose the correct alternative in italics.
1.The / a cheetah is smaller / more small than the / 0 lion or the / 0 leopard, but by far the faster / fastest.
2.The climbers made the tiring / tired trip to the top in approximately 8 hours.
3.0 / the English Channel is probably one of the most / more famous stretches of water in the / 0
world.
4.If someone who tells / says lies is called a liar, what do you call someone who speaks / tells the truth?
96
Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I
5. |
Leiden, where Rembrandt was born, is one of the most beautiful city / cities in 0 / the |
|
|
|
Netherlands. |
|
|
6. |
Sooner or later, most children talk back / off to their parents. |
|
|
7. |
The / 0 grilled cheese sandwiches are the easiest / more easy meal to make. |
|
|
8. |
Scott’s illness was shocking / shocked news to both his friends and colleagues. |
|
|
9. |
0 / the Venus is younger / more young than the / 0 Earth, but older / elder than the / 0 Mercury. |
|
|
10. |
Driving while talking on a / the cell phone is as bad as / than or maybe more bad / worse than |
Atlantic |
|
|
Curaçao. |
||
|
driving drunk. |
|
|
11. |
The / 0 New Amsterdam was much more attractive / much attractive to 0 / the settlers than / as |
|
|
12. |
The / 0 Hudson Bay is a / the large, relatively shallow body of water in the / 0 northeastern |
the |
|
|
|||
|
Canada. |
Across |
|
13. |
All the embassies were awaiting farther / further instructions from their capitals. |
||
|
|||
14. |
Gill was so exhausted / exhausting that she couldn’t talk / speak. |
|
|
15. |
0 / the West Indies are a large group of islands that separate the / 0 Caribbean Sea from 0 / the |
2. |
|
|
Atlantic Ocean. |
||
|
Unit |
||
16. |
Basil’s friend talked him out of / from signing the contract. |
||
|
|||
17. |
Val feels embarrassing / embarrassed when she has to speak / talk to her boss. |
1. |
|
18. |
The / 0 Godavari is both the largest / most large and the most broad / broadest river in 0 / the |
||
Chapter |
|||
|
Southern India. |
||
|
|
||
19. |
The excited / exciting children got off the school bus and ran to the new classrooms. |
|
|
20. Dr. King is going to speak / talk to us about/ on the American Industrial Complex. |
|
||
5.Make up questions. Use the prompts in brackets and the replies to help you.
1.(history / the English language / start) _______________________________________________
It started with the arrival of Germanic tribes.
2.(language / inhabitants of Britain / speak) ____________________________________________
At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language.
3.(conquer / England / 1066) ________________________________________________________
It was the Normans who conquered England in 1066.
4.(speak French / ruling and business classes) __________________________________________
Yes, the ruling and business classes spoke French under the Normans.
5.(language / become / dominant / the 14th century) _____________________________________
English became dominant in Britain again in the 14th century.
6.(the dialect of London / become / the standard) _______________________________________
The dialect of London became the standard because most of the publishing houses were there.
7.(colonies / the USA / be / African countries) ___________________________________________
No, no African countries were colonies of the USA.
8.(the infant United States / consist of) ________________________________________________
The infant United States consisted of a long string of farming communities.
9.(American colonies / become / independent) _________________________________________
The American colonies became independent from Britain in 1783.
10.(the Civil war / last) _______________________________________________________________
The Civil War lasted over four years, from 1860 till 1864.
6. Check your knowledge of the USA using the sites:
http://www.funtrivia.com/playquiz/quiz2448901c09d38.html
http://www.historyteacher.net/USQuizMainPage.
97
CHAPTER 2
The Turbulent Present
Chapter 2. The Turbulent Present
Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I
DIAGNOSTIC TEST 2
This test is to help the student and the teacher to decide which material in Chapter 2 to focus on (particularly when working outside the classroom).
I. GRAMMAR: THE BASICS.
CHOOSE THE APPROPRIATE FORM OR PHRASE.
1.Tom _____________________ a letter since noon but hasn’t finished it yet.
a) is writing |
b) has been writing |
c) has written |
2.______ coffee is grown in more than 50 countries around _______ world.
a) the / the |
b) 0 / 0 |
c) 0 / the |
3.Frank ____________________ a cold. He is coughing.
a) has caught |
b) caught |
c) has been catching |
4.He has experienced _______________ personal suffering.
a) much |
b) a lot of |
c) many |
5.______ Arabic is one of ______ five official languages at the UN.
a) 0 / 0 |
b) the / 0 |
c) 0 / the |
6.I finally ___________________ the house that I _________________ in since 2003.
a) have owned / live |
b) own / live |
c) own/have lived |
7.Mike ___________________________! I can’t stand it.
a) is always boasting |
b) always boasts |
c) has always boasted |
8._______ life of ______ first settlers was hard.
a) 0 / the |
b) the / 0 |
c) the / the |
9.The government ______________________ an effort to keep prices as low as possible.
|
a) is making |
b) makes |
c) make |
10. |
The department offers courses for _______________________ of the faculty. |
||
|
a) all the students |
b) all students |
c) all of students |
11. |
He _________________________ football since childhood. |
|
|
|
a) hasn’t been playing |
b) hasn’t played |
c) doesn’t play |
12. |
Bob doesn’t have ___________________ photos in his blog. |
|
|
|
a) a lot of |
b) a great number of |
c) many |
13. |
I _______________________ Susan all my life. |
|
|
|
a) have known |
b) know |
c) have been knowing |
14. |
______ hunting was a favorite pastime for people, especially ______ rich people. |
||
|
a) the / the |
b) 0 / 0 |
c) 0 / the |
15. |
Alice _____________________ two books by Muriel Spark this month. |
||
|
a) has been reading |
b) has read |
c) read |
16. |
This is not a difficult task but still it demands ____________ effort. |
||
|
a) a few |
b) little |
c) a little |
17. |
______ water was undrinkable because of its taste and odour (запах). |
||
|
a) 0 |
b) some |
c) the |
18. |
Don’t speak so loudly. Strangers ________________________! |
|
|
|
a) are listening |
b) listen |
c) have been listening |
19. |
His hands are shaking because he ______________________ furniture. |
||
|
a) moved |
b) has moved |
c) has been moving |
20. |
Everyone ______ tired of all ______ tension. |
|
|
|
a) was / the |
b) were / 0 |
c) was / 0 |
100
Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I
II.GRAMMAR: THE PARTICULARS. CHOOSE THE APPROPRIATE FORM OR PHRASE.
1.Jake _____________________________ the film three times recently.
a) saw |
b) has seen |
c) has been seeing |
2._____ National Gallery is situated next to ______Trafalgar Square.
a) the / the |
b) the / 0 |
c) 0 / the |
3.We needn’t hurry. We have ___________________ time.
a) plenty of |
b) much |
c) a lot of |
4.The castle ___________________________ to our family.
a) always belonged |
b) has always been belonging |
c) has always belonged |
5.Everyone ________ _________ secrets.
a) has / his |
b) has / their |
c) have / their |
6.It _______________________ for two hours now.
a) has been raining |
b) rains |
c) is raining |
7.The journey to ______ Gatwick Airport from _______Victoria Station takes 35 minutes.
a) the / 0 |
b) 0 / the |
c) 0 / 0 |
8.I ______________________ the trip, but I can't wait to get back home.
a) love |
b) am loving |
c) have loved |
9.The two teams __________________ since they _______________ for the national title last year.
|
a) haven’t met / have played |
b) didn’t meet / played |
c) haven’t met / played |
|
10. |
The man was holding a ball in _________________ hand. |
|
||
|
a) every |
b) each |
|
c) both |
11. |
It's five years since she ____________________ her career as a pop star. |
|||
|
a) started |
b) has started |
|
c) had started |
12. |
______ teaching is _______ profession that teaches all the other professions. |
|||
|
a) 0 / a |
b) the / the |
|
c) 0 / the |
13. |
______ coffee ____________________ burnt. |
|
|
|
|
a) the / smells |
b) 0 / is smelling |
|
c) 0 / smells |
14. |
It’s the first time I _______________________ her story. |
|
|
|
|
a) am hearing |
b) hear |
|
c) have heard |
15. |
_______ Balmoral Hotel, the most luxurious hotel in Edinburgh, is located in _______ Princes Street. |
|||
|
a) the / the |
b) the / 0 |
|
c) 0 / the |
16. |
I __________________ ____________ more mistakes since then. |
|
||
|
a) have made / many |
b) made / much |
c) have been making / many |
|
17. |
_______________ are fond of sea tales and sea heroes. |
|
|
|
|
a) all the boys |
b) all boys |
|
c) all of the boys. |
18. |
I have been ______ quite _________ countries in Western Europe. |
|||
|
a) in / a lot of |
b) to / few |
|
c) to / a few |
19. |
I __________________ very busy for the last few months. |
|
||
|
a) have been |
b) was |
|
c) am |
20. |
When _________________________ to the movies? |
|
|
|
|
a) have you last gone |
b) have you last been |
c) did you last go |
|
III. CHOOSE THE PHRASE APPROPRIATE IN THE FOLLOWING SITUATIONS. MORE THAN ONE ANSWER IS POSSIBLE.
1.__________________ Could you tell me the way to Trafalgar Square?
a) Excuse me. |
b) I’m sorry. |
c) I beg your pardon. |
2.__________________ I didn’t hear what you said.
a) Sorry? |
b) Pardon? |
c) Excuse me? |
Chapter 2. The Turbulent Present
101
Chapter 2. The Turbulent Present
Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I
3.__________________ I’ve left my homework behind.
|
a) Excuse me. |
b) I’m sorry! |
c) Pardon. |
4. |
A: Isn’t it a lovely day? |
|
|
|
B: |
|
|
|
a) Yes, spring has come at last. |
b) I think it’s going to rain. |
c) Oh, yes, it’s really nice. |
5. |
A: Pretty nice place, isn’t it? |
|
|
|
B: |
|
|
|
a) I don’t like it here. |
b) Absolutely! |
c) Might be worse. |
IV. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH TAG QUESTIONS.
1.Nobody likes to lose, ….
2.You took your entrance exams in July, ….
3.There’s nothing wrong with the computer, ….
4.It is already late, ….
5.Everybody wants to be loved, ….
6.You can’t speak Japanese, ….
7.You have classes every day, ….
8.Jane’s got a lot of friends, ….
9.Let’s go to the disco on Saturday, ….
10.Pete no longer works here, ….
V. MAKE UP INDIRECT QUESTIONS STARTING WITH DO YOU HAPPEN TO KNOW OR I WONDER.
1.Is Great Britain still a monarchy?
_____________________________________________________________________
2.When did the Russian tsar sell Alaska to the USA?
_____________________________________________________________________
3.How is this word pronounced?
_____________________________________________________________________
4.Does Scotland have its own parliament?
_____________________________________________________________________
5.Why hasn’t Britain accepted the euro?
_____________________________________________________________________
6.Did Russia support the Americans’ War of Independence?
_____________________________________________________________________
7.What language do they speak in Belgium?
_____________________________________________________________________
VI. CHOOSE THE RIGHT SUFFIX TO FORM AN ADJECTIVE. MORE THAN ONE ANSWER IS POSSIBLE.
1.comfort
a) ful |
b) less |
c) able |
2.stress
a) less |
b) ful |
c) able |
3.aim
a) less |
b) ible |
c) ful |
102