yastrebova_Part_1

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

e.g.

'Most 'capitals are cosmo politan cities.

Note: such words as articles, one syllable prepositions, auxiliaries, modal verbs, most pronouns, etc. are NOT normally stressed.

e.g.

I 'don’t 'know any French, but my English is good.

The rhythm of an English sentence is such that stressed and unstressed syllables alternate.

The Tonic is usually the last stressed word in a sentence, but the speaker can put emphasis on a different word to change the meaning.

COMPARE:

1.He 'went to Cali'fornia to 'get sup plies.

2.He 'went to Cali fornia to get supplies.

OR

1.I knew you would help me. (you did)

2.I 'thought you would help me. (you did not)

Practise reading the poem.

(Michael Flanders and Donald Swann)

What idea, in your opinion, does this poem express?

I. STATING ONE’S OPINION

USEFUL PHRASES:

State your opinion using a phrase from above. Decide which word is the Tonic.

1.Moscow is a nice / difficult city to live in.

2.People in the county / small towns / large cities are much friendlier than ….

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

3.English people are cold and reserved / polite and friendly.

4.Young Europeans are more / less independent than young Russians.

5.University students have a lot more / less freedom than schoolchildren.

6.Students should / shouldn’t marry before they graduate.

7.One should marry within their race.

8.It is important / unimportant to marry within you religion.

9.Mixed marriages are never / rarely / often a success.

10. Religion or race does not matter / matters when you are in love.

Add more of your own.

II. ASKING FOR OR GIVING OPINION (TAG QUESTIONS)

Tag questions (those little questions at the end of a sentence) are of two types.

1.The speaker is not sure of the truth of the statement he/she makes and in fact is asking a question (rise).

e.g.

2.The speaker makes a statement he/she believes to be true and expects agreement (fall): e.g.

Note: if the main sentence is in the affirmative, the tag question is in the negative. e.g.

It is cold today, isn’t it?

If the main sentence is in the negative, the tag question is in the affirmative. e.g.

You have no classes in the evening, do you?

Practise saying tag questions with the right intonation. Make sure the students of your group / your listeners understand whether you are asking a question or making a statement (sentences 1 and 3 are done for you).

1.We 'don’t have 'classes on Sunday, do we? [+]

2.It’s dark at 7 (when we get up), isn’t it?

3.We 'have to 'sit a written exam in English, don’t we? [?]

4.You finished school this year, didn’t you?

5.Everybody wants to be respected, don’t they?

6.This grammar book is no longer on sale, is it?

7.You have been abroad, haven’t you?

8.Nobody likes to be criticised, do they?

9.You will come and have lunch with me after classes, won’t you?

10.I am right, aren’t I? (= am I not?)

11.You can’t talk and read at the same time, can you?

12.Taking entrance exams was a great strain, wasn’t it?

13.There is always hope, isn’t there?

14.Let’s practise asking tag questions, shall we?

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

PAIRWORK 1.

Ask each other tag questions

a) about: the weather, food, traffic, and other trivial things; b) on the texts in Reading 1.

e.g. Traffic on Monday mornings is awful, isn’t it?

PAIRWORK 2.

Can you read the map?

Ask each other tag questions and answer them using the map of the World Religions (See Supplement).

e.g.

A:Christianity has spread throughout the New World, hasn’t it?

B:Yes, it (certainly) has. Both Americas belong to the Christian world now.

REMEMBER THE ADJECTIVES:

Christianity — Christian

Catholic ;

Protestant

Russian / Greek Orthodox

Islam — Islamic

Buddhism — Buddhist

Hinduism — Hindu

Shintoism — Shinto

Judaism — Judaic

USEFUL COLLOCATIONS:

to belong to / to follow / to practice / to adopt / to convert to a religion; to be (predominantly / mostly / mainly) Christian / Islamic / etc. by religion; a religion is spread;

a great / major / dominant / world / widespread religion.

READING 1. THE LEGACY OF THE PAST: RACISM IN BRITAIN

PRE-READING QUESTIONS.

1.How does the collapse of an empire change the map of the world? Can you give examples?

2.What consequences do people face when an empire disintegrates:

a) within the former ruling country; b) in former dependent territories?

3.Why, in your view, are there so many multiethnic communities in modern Britain? What problems might this lead to?

Look at the subtitles. What do you expect the text to be about? Look through the text quickly to fi nd out if you guessed right.

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

Read the epigraph. What idea do you think is expressed in it?

The English left behind them in India and elsewhere churches in Victorian

Gothic style. Now Regent’s Park(1) in London is overshadowed by a gilded mosque(2).

The wheel has come full circle.

Text A.

The word ‘Empire’ is no longer in use. The term ‘Commonwealth’ has already been used for a long time to describe the independent countries associated under the British crown. Within the Commonwealth Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa are Britain’s first equal partners. The Commonwealth has no formal institutions, though informal contacts are well maintained. After 1945 its structure produced a new problem. Citizens of countries in the Commonwealth were free to emigrate to Britain, and by 1961 the numbers were so great that the Government de-

cided on restriction. Nonetheless, by 1978 about two million people with origins in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and the West Indies were living in Britain. There has always been some racial prejudice among the English. Today with the continuing change in the make-up of the population racist feelings in Britain seem to be on the rise.

What is racism according to the young?

Having to keep relationships secret

“I can't walk down the street with my boyfriend because our families wouldn't approve of us going out together.” Lisa, 15

Being singled out

“I was in McDonald's and these lads said to my friend, ‘Why are you going around with a Paki?’ and pointed at me. Then they made jokes about there being a smell of curry.” Parveen, 17

Ignorance at home

“My mum says she doesn't really mind my having black friends, but she would draw the line at me going out with ‘one of them.” Karl, 15

Not getting the respect you deserve

“I hate the way people speak to me as though I can't speak English, just because my parents are Chinese. They own a take-away and you would not believe the abuse they have to endure.” Anna, 18.

Racial discrimination

Racism is a belief that some races are superior based on the false idea that things like skin colour make some people better than others.

The Race Relations Act of 1976 makes it unlawful to discriminate against anyone because of their race, colour, nationality (including citizenship), ethnic or national origins. It applies to: jobs, training, housing, education, services from councils, the health system, banks, pubs, clubs, restaurants, accommodation agencies, etc.

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

Despite the law, racial discrimination, as well as racial harassment and violence, are still widespread, and run through all areas of society. On average, a racial attack occurs every half hour. Black people are 60 times more likely than white people to be targets. Asian people, particularly women and children, experience the highest number of attacks.

The law cannot change, or do anything about, people's attitudes, particularly when racism is not legally recognised. It is also often difficult to prove that discrimination is happening.

Whites are not the only people who show racial prejudice. Blacks, Asians and Jews can be just as hostile in their attitudes to other groups.

Anti-racist organisations

There are many organisations, both locally and nationally, who are actively fighting against all forms of racial discrimination.

The Commission for Racial Equality exists to enforce the Race Relations Act, and will help anyone who feels they have been discriminated against.

Notes:

1.Regent's Park is one of the Royal Parks of London. It is in the northern part of

central London.

2. The London Central Mosque (more commonly known as Regent's Park Mosque), is the principal mosque of London. It was founded during World

War II, in recognition of the substantial Muslim population of the British Empire and its support for the Allies during the war. The construction was completed in July 1977.

The London Central Mosque is easily recognizable by its large golden dome and stout 140-foot minaret on the edge of Regent's Park.

Read the text for detail and answer comprehension questions.

1.Is Great Britain the formal leader of the Commonwealth?

2.What problem did Great Britain face by 1961?

3.What kind of racial prejudice do the young British people complain about?

4.What does the Race Relations Act say?

5.Who suffers most from racial discrimination in Britain?

6.Does the law effectively protect the victims of racial discrimination? Why (not)?

7.What is being done to improve the situation?

VOCABULARY LIST

Ex. 1. Study the Vocabulary List and translate all the examples.

1.describe, v. описывать; характеризовать

to describe smb / smth to smb

He described to me what had happened to him in summer.

to describe smb / smth in detail (sing.) подробно описывать кого-л./ что-л.

to describe smb / smth as good / useful / harmful, etc. назвать (охарактеризовать) кого-л. / что-л. хорошим / полезным / вредным и т.д.

Grant described the judge as a fair man. Грант назвал судью справедливым человеком.

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

description, n. описание

to give a short / detailed / accurate description дать краткое / подробное / точное описание

The book gave a detailed description of the battle.

to fit / match the description соответствовать описанию

Dale fitted the description of a black man the police were looking for.

2.decide, v. решать, принимать решение

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

7.relation, n. 2) отношение , связь (usu. sing.)

to have no / little / direct relation to smth

Such information does not have direct relation to national security. in relation to в отношении, что касается

What is the Government’s policy in relation to environmental protection?

relationship, n. 1) взаимоотношения (личные, более близкие, чем relation 1) friendly / happy / long-term relationship(s) дружеские / счастливые / длительные отношения

The article compares marriage with other long-term relationships. to have / to build / to establish relationships

to have a relationship (with smb) иметь роман, быть в романтических отношениях (с кем-л.)

to break off the relationship порвать с кем-л.

2) связь, зависимость (Syn. relation 2)

The chapter looks at the relationship between religion and science.

8.discriminate, v. ставить в неблагоприятные условия, проводить политику

дискриминации, ущемлять права

The new law discriminates against women and the elderly. Someone may discriminate against you because they believe you belong to a different racial group.

discrimination, дискриминация, ущемление прав n. to suffer (from) / to face discrimination

Many women still suffer (from) discrimination at work if and when they have children.

to fight (against) discrimination discrimination against smb

It is high time to stop violence and discrimination against children.

9.widespread, широко распространенный

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

recognition, n. 1) узнавание

Jack looked at his mother without recognition.

Today plastic surgeons can change a person beyond recognition.

Сегодня пластические хирурги могут изменить человека до неузнаваемости.

2) признание

official / international recognition (of smth)

to gain / to receive / to win recognition (for smth)

Somerset Maugham gained recognition for his realistic short stories.

VOCABULARY PRACTICE

Ex. 2. Fill in the gaps with the correct word. The fi rst letter is given to help you.

1.The headmistress was d_______ as a thin and rather nervous woman.

2.By the nineteenth century it was a highly r_______ area where bankers and brokers lived.

3.Sam didn’t want to make a final d_______ until he had all the information.

4.Real learning can o______ only when the learner actively participates in the process.

5.During the Cold War, the Pentagon tried to achieve military s_______ over the Soviet Union.

6.English is r_______ as a language of international communication.

7.A lot of people don't o_______ their houses or businesses, but many people o______ cars and bicycles.

8.The d_______ moment of the match was when the forward got a red card.

9.The company won r_______ for its outstanding customer service.

10.Write a short d_______ of your strong and weak points.

11.In the early 1700s, the American state of Virginia declared that all white men were s_______

to black men.

12.Each must d_______ for themselves what is right, wrong, appropriate or inappropriate behaviour.

13.If I can help you in any w_______, please let me know.

14.The s_______ complex is a feeling of s________ over other people.

15.He can d________ between what is good and what is bad, and yet chooses the bad.

16.When you’re a teenager love at first sight is a common o_______.

17.In the article, I plan to discuss economic power, what the term means and the r_______

between wealth and political power.

Ex. 3. Bring out the difference in the meanings of the words in bold type. Translate the phrases using a dictionary when necessary.

1.Discrimination is part of our society; we all discriminate against each other in one way or another.

2.In the 30s, many Americans thought there was no way out of the Great Depression.

3.The manager was on his way to the elevator when his cell phone rang in his pocket.

4.Have you seen Kate today? — Oh, yes, I met her on the way to the cafeteria. By the way, how do you like her new hairstyle?

5.“I hate the way people speak to me as though I can't speak English, just because my parents are Chinese,” Anna said to the reporter.

6.The government is trying to find a way to help industries overcome the crisis.

7.I’m afraid I’ve lost my way. How can I get to the Lafayette Galleries?

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Chapter 2. Unit 3. Land of Promise?

Английский язык для международников и регионоведов. Часть I

8.The emperor ordered his men to destroy the village because it was in the way of his new palace.

9.She took the news that he was leaving for Paris in the wrong way and decided to end their

relationship.

10.Did you like his new book? — No way! It is so boring.

11.I like the cleanliness of England and I also like the way the cars drive on the wrong side of the road.

12.The old colonial system stood in the way of progress and development.

Ex. 4. Study the following sentences paying special attention to the word OWN. Translate the phrases using a dictionary when necessary.

1.We want to have an apartment of our own.

2.Some of Robinson Crusoe’s ideas are based on Daniel Defoe’s own experience in Moorish captivity (мавританский плен).

3.It never occurred to him that living on his own would be so difficult.

4.Describe in your own words what the main characters of the story feel.

5.Michael thought it was in his own interests to tell the boss about what had happened in his absence.

6.The participants of the show offered their own explanation of the President’s decision.

7.Do you need help with repairs? — No, I’ll do everything on my own.

8.Every person should mind his or her own business.

9.Maria had no children of her own.

10.Women can raise sons on their own, but it's difficult for a woman to teach a young boy how to be a man.

Ex. 5. Translate into Russian paying special attention to the Active Vocabulary.

1.“I would love to be in a relationship with someone who is famous,” said one of the girls waiting outside the singer’s make-up room.

2.Fowler, a respected ex-Cabinet minister, declined a request to join the opposition.

3.Corruption in the public sector (государственный сектор) is a widespread occurrence around the world.

4.How do parents decide between public and private school?

5.In matriarchy, women are superior to men in every way.

6.Low prices are decisive for the success of a product.

7.The article says that the new electoral law discriminates against independent candidates.

8.The police officers searched the area where the incidents occurred and discovered a car that matched the description given by the three girls.

9.The memoirs give fresh details about the writer’s family life, his difficult relations with his first wife.

10.In Europe, during the great cholera epidemic of 1831, homoeopathy (гомеопатия) proved its superiority over the other methods of treatment.

11.It was the first time that it had occurred to Ken that his brother had always wanted to start his own business.

12.The police are looking for the owner of this purple Cadillac.

13.Discrimination against older people in favour of younger ones is a common occurrence in many countries.

14.Most students described the test as difficult.

15.The World Health Organization has recognized alcoholism as a disease since 1951.

16.At the end of 18th century Middleton had a population of about 4,000 and was a respectable town.