orlovskaya
.pdf3.A huge simulator provides the condition of real operations in
flight.
4.Virtual lab helps us learn how to better use cockpit controls.
5.A pilot can move aeroplane in all directions.
D. Заполните пропуски, образуя составные слова, общеизвестные словосочетания и термины. Запомните их.
remote ... |
space .......... |
long ... |
aerospace . |
... shuttle |
... screen |
air ...... ... conference |
|
... memory |
human ... |
out-the-window ... ... access |
|
... world |
wind ... |
research ... ... time
E. Заполните таблицу на словообразование.
|
Verb |
Noun |
|
|
Person |
Adjective |
• • |
• |
organizati |
• |
• |
• |
• • • |
|
||||||
direct |
9 9 9 |
• |
• |
♦ |
• • ♦ |
|
|
|
|||||
• • |
• |
9 9 9 |
collaborat |
local |
||
|
|
|
||||
9 9 9 |
|
9 9 9 |
9 9 9 |
|||
|
|
|||||
• • |
• |
simulation |
9 9 9 |
. . . |
||
represent |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Образуйте от выделенных слов существительное, прилагательное или наречие и заполните пропуски.
physics
1. It is ... impossible to be in two places at once. 2. ... is an expert dealing with matter and energy.
3.Mechanical laws and Newtonian ... are very important for creating virtual systems.
4.The equivalent of clip art for virtual reality designers might be ...
systems. possibility
5.What will make the virtual reality design system of tomorrow...?
6.Is there any ... of your taking part in virtual reality conference
this year? |
179 |
|
7. |
If we throw an object, it flies across the room, ... hitting another |
|
object and causing a complex chain of events as objects crash into each other.
success
8.Virtual reality can have great... in many ways, especially in experimenting.
9.Recent... tests of the world’s largest simulator enable scientists to do research in education, management and industry.
10.Astronauts have ... simulated Space Shuttle landings.
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potential
11.Virtual lab helps researchers simulate ... complicated flight situations.
12.Our country has great... raw resources.
13.It has not realized its full ... yet.
Упражнение 4. Составьте возможные словосочетания глаголов из
1. |
колонки А и |
существительных из колонки В. |
|
|
|
|
|
simulate |
A |
В |
|
2. |
a. |
solving a problem |
|
complete |
b. |
the distance |
|
3. |
c. |
passengers |
|
|
|
|
|
collaborat |
d. |
a pilot, an airplane |
|
e |
e. |
the conditions of flight |
|
4. |
|
||
|
loads to remote regions |
||
withstand |
f. |
||
5. |
g. |
at a speed |
|
|
a new era, age |
|
|
succeed in h. |
|
||
6.cover i. stresses, high temperatures j. landings, calculations
7.make k. problems, difficulties 1. long-distance
8. m. destination, use, application n. research, tests, study
overcome
9.
deliver
10.carry
11.fly
12.open
13.find
14.guide
Упражнение 5. А. Назовите 15-20 ключевых слов и словосочетаний на тему: «Aircraft of today, its safety, reliability, speed and comfort».
B. Speak about:
Virtual reality and its application in aerospace field.
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LESSON 9
Условные придаточные предложения Значения слова provide Суффиксы -th, -
еп Префиксы sub-, under-, non-
Text 9A. Descending to New Ocean Depths Text 9B. Text 9C. Lifeboats Text 9D. Greenwich
ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
Упражнение 1. А. Определите тип условного придаточного предложения, переведите.
1. If we look around, we can see that electricity is serving us in one way or another. 2. If I were free, I should help you with pleasure. 3. If we had tested this material, we should have used it in our work. 4. If ordinary gases are greatly compressed, they become liquids. 5. If supercomputers had not been used for thermodynamic calculations, designers would have spent all their lives on computations. 6. If you think that a computer never makes mistakes, you are wrong. 7. If extreme temperatures generated by atmospheric friction were not so high, a hypersonic craft would not require complicated cooling measures. 8. If we had been told about the lecture on reliability in spacecraft production, we should have come by all means. 9. Superconductivity can be obtained in some materials if the temperature is very low and close to absolute zero.
В. Поставьте глагол в скобках в соответствующую форму.
1. It you (to know) English well, you will be able to read books in the original. 2. If I get this book, I (to be) very happy. 3. You (to become) much stronger if you did your morning exercises regu-
larly. 4. If she went to work in France, she (to learn) French very quickly. 5. If he (to see) her, he would have spoken to her. 6.1 (to help) them if I had been at home. 7. You (to write) the testwork well if you have learnt grammar. 8. If she (to ask) me yesterday, I should have told her about it. 9. If we had not been present at the lecture, we (not to understand) the new approach to the solution of the problem.
С. Закончите предложения.
1. I would work much better if... . 2. Life would be much simpler if... . 3.
Use every opportunity to practice English if... . 4. I would have started to
182
study English earlier, if... . 5. I would have had more opportunities, if... .
Упражнение 2. А. Измените предложения согласно образцам:
If I were free, I should help you. Were I free, I should help you.
If he had known about the lecture, he would have come. Had he known about the lecture, he would have come.
1. If it were possible, we should begin this work at once. 2. If he had had all the necessary books, he would have made his report in time. 3. If the books had been available in our library, we could have done this work much earlier. 4. If there were no computers, space flights would be impossible. 5. If drivers were more attentive while driving, there would be less accidents on the road.
В. Переведите бессоюзные условные придаточные предложения.
1. Had he used new materials, the device would have been more reliable. 2. Were electric motors used, cars would not pollute the air, would be practically noiseless and very easy to control. 3. Had they applied the new method, the result would have been much better. 4. Were the design of cars improved, the fuel consumption would be greatly reduced. 5. Had a less explosive gas been used in dirigibles at the beginning of the century, they would have been in operation since that time. 6. Were it possible to learn how birds find their way, people would use the principle to develop a navigation system for aviation.
Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения и запомните значения глагола
to provide и союза provided.
1. The experiments conducted provided very good results. 2. Russian technological achievements that provided the launching of rockets are known all over the world. 3. A tire pressure display pro-
vides information for front and back pairs of tires. 4. Provided new composite materials are used, it will be possible to reduce overall aircraft weight. 5, Provided with a new vacuum-controlled carburetor this car model has several important advantages. 6. Superliners could develop a higher speed provided some special cooling measures were used. 7. An aircraft pilot can get all the information he needs provided he contacts a radio navigation station. 8. The work done provided us with new data. 9. Having measured the distance between two points, it is possible to calculate the time during which a car can cover it provided we know the car’s average speed. 10. Our laboratory has been provided with the latest equipment.
Упражнение 4. А. Дайте степени сравнения для прилагательных.
great, easy, good, far, many, difficult, possible. |
183 |
|
B. Поставьте much перед прилагательным в сравнительной степени (гораздо, намного), переведите.
late, simple, important, valuable, quick, reliable, useful, complex.
C.Переведите словосочетания.
гораздо (намного) раньше, гораздо (намного) длиннее, намного (гораздо) труднее, намного эффективнее, намного легче.
Упражнение 5. А. Найдите русские эквиваленты для словосочетаний.
as old as seagoing, a round container, the Swiss National Fair, as primitive as marine life, so-called, to take people deep into the lake, underwater tasks, around the ocean floor, wrist of the manipulator, to lift
120 pounds, marine life, the world’s deepest vehicle, underwater helicopter.
швейцарская национальная ярмарка; подводные работы; опускать людей на большую глубину озера; по морскому дну; подводный вертолет; запястье манипулятора; морской животный и растительный мир; самый глубоководный в мире аппарат; такая же примитивная, как и морская среда (жизнь); так же стары, как мореплавание; так называемый; круглый контейнер; поднимать 120 фунтов.
В. Переведите словосочетания.
round glass container, marine life people watch around them, centuries before, to take people deeper than before, difficult underwater tasks, mounted on a metal platform, it looks like an underwater helicopter, move like a sport car, video cameras provide vision, to lift up to 120 pounds, work for up to nine hours.
СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ
Упражнение б. Переведите следующие производные слова согласно образцу:
прилагательное + th = существительное, deep — глубокий -> depth — глубина length, width, strength;
прилагательное + еп — глагол light — легкий -> to lighten —
облегчить deepen, brighten, lessen;
префиксы sub- (суб-, под-, до-), under- (под-, ниже, недо-) submerge —
погружать(ся) -> submersible — подводный, погружаемый
estimate — оценивать -> underestimate — недооценивать subsystem, subsonic, subcommittee,184 subdivision, subsurface, submarine, undersea, underground, undercooling, underproduction, underdeveloped;
префикс non- (не-) non-conductor — непроводник; nonmilitary — невоенный non-effective, non-essential, non-standard, nonmetal, non-stop.
Упражнение 7. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова.
ocean ['aujan], container, apparatus [,aepa'reitas], machine [ma'Ji:n], spherical ['sferikal], plastic, metal platform, helicopter
['helikopta], manoeuvre [ma'nu:va], sport, mechanical [mi'kaemkal],
manipulator [ma'nipjuleita], system, miniature ['minjat|a], microphone ['maikrafaun], to lift, minerals, battery, stereo ['stiariau], construct, cultivate, videocamera, titanium [tai'teinjam].
Упражнение 8. Прочитайте и запомните произношение слов.
descend [di'send], legend ['lec(3and], submerge [sab'ma:cfe], submersible [sab'ma:sibl], da Vinci ['vintfi], national ['naejanl], Geneva [dji'niiva], Japanese [,d5aepa'ni:z], technician [tek'nijan], extreme [iks'tri:m], precision [pri'si3an], essentially [i'senjali],
185
cycloid ['saikloid], particular [po'tikjula], wrist [rist], provide [pre'vaid], sample ['sa:mpl], image [Timcfe], scale [skeil], join [cfcoin], politician!
[,poli'tifan].
i
СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ
accurate а — точный |
penetrate v — |
almost adv — почти |
проникать |
advanced p.p. — |
precision п — |
новейший, передовой |
точность promise |
collect v — собирать |
v — обещать |
construct v — строить, |
provided су — |
сооружать crew и — |
при условии что; |
экипаж depth п — |
в том случае, если |
глубина descend v — |
realize v — |
спускаться, опускаться |
осуществлять, |
due to ргр — |
реализовывать |
благодаря, из-за |
resist v — |
explore v — |
сопротивляться, |
исследовать find out v |
выдерживать |
— выяснить, узнать |
sample я — |
image п — |
образец submerge |
изображение instead of |
v — погружаться, |
adv — вместо join v — |
опускаться вглубь |
соединять, объединять |
test v — |
lift v — поднимать(ся) |
проверять, под- |
mankind и — |
вергать |
человечество operate v |
испытанию |
— работать, |
transparent а — |
действовать particular |
прозрачный |
а — данный, |
try v — пытаться, |
особенный, отдельный |
пробовать |
battery186 -operated p.p. — работающий на батареях
Text 9А
Прочитайте и переведите текст. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
В каких странах ведутся работы по созданию погружаемых аппаратов? Каковы особенности погружаемых аппаратов нового типа?
Descending to New Ocean Depths
We know little about the ocean yet. The dream of exploring under the waves is almost as old as seagoing. Legend says that Alexander the Great submerged himself in a round glass container, and Leonardo da Vinci designed a submersible vehicle in his notebooks centuries before
Jules Verne wrote «Twenty Thousand Leagues Un
187
der the Sea». If their dreams had been realized ai^d such a craft had been constructed, mankind would have known ajbout the secrets of Ocean much earlier. However, already during tjhe Swiss National Fair in 1964 a submersible vehicle took thousands of people deep into Lake Geneva.
i
Not long ago, the crafts that penetrated the ocean depths were almost as primitive as the marine life they watiched around them. However, nonmilitary deep sea ships, so-cklled submersibles, were progressing rapidly. Russian, French, Japanese and American scientists are developing crafts that can submerge deeper, stay longer and find out more than earlier apparatuses.
Soon, one of the most advanced crafts, a one passenger submerging ship, will be tested. It may be able to take explorers and technicians deeper than ever before (up to 3,300 feet) and perform difficult underwater tasks with extreme precision.
This new submersible is essentially a spherical transparent plastic hull9 mounted on a metal platform. It looks like an underwater helicopter and can manoeuvre itself in its water environment with some of the versatility2 of a helicopter due to the use of a cycloid rotor3 instead of conventional marine-propeller screws4. It is expected that this apparatus will move around the ocean like a sports car.
However, the breakthrough5 that will make this particular craft quite different from other manned submersibles is a mechanical hand called the sensory manipulator system6. Miniature video cameras on the «wrist» of the manipulator provide it with vision and microphones enable the submersible to «hear». This manipulator system is designed to lift up to 120 pounds and will also be able to perform such accurate scientific work as collecting samples of ocean-floor minerals and marine life. When demonstrated, it lifted crystal glasses, drew pictures and wrote with a pen.
Some scientists are trying to develop the world’s deepest manned submersible. When completed, it will be capable of submerging to the depths of 21,000 feet. Its crew will be in a pressure-resistant titanium-alloy cabin. This craft188 will be driven by a battery-operated electric motor and will work for up to nine hours. It will record images with colour television and stereo cameras and will collect samples by manipulating two robotic
9 If a scientific research is closely linked with practice, the results are always good. 2. If you looked at the equipment of 1946,