17.3.Читання

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What is Classical Physics?

Classical physics is a branch of physics in which matter and energy are two separate concepts. Based primarily on Sir Isaac Newton’s laws of motion and James Clerk Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetic radiation, classical physics is generally divided into several different areas. These areas include mechanics, dynamics, hydrodynamics, statics, optics, thermodynamics and acoustics, as well as the study of magnetism and electricity. The laws of conservation of mass, conservation of energy and conservation of momentum are also very important to classical physics. They state that mass and energy can be neither created nor destroyed, and the momentum of an object will only be changed if an outside force acts on it.

Виберіть правильний варіант.

1. Classical physics deals with matter and energy as ___.

a) two separate concepts b) a single notion c) the only things worth studying

2. The “parents” of classical physics are Newton and ___.

a) Faraday b) Einstein c) Maxwell

3. Classical physics also studies the law of ___.

a) transition from quantity to quality b) conservation of energy c) supply and demand

17.4. Граматика. Ступені порівняння прикметників і прислівників і спосіб

Порівняльний ступінь + -er, Найвищий ступінь + -est
односкладові	двоскладові, з наголосом на 2 складі	двоскладові, які закінчуються на -er, -ow, -y, -le
big – bigger – biggest high – higher – highest	polite – politer – politest	easy – easier – easiest clever – cleverer – cleverest

II спосіб

more – the most

для багатоскладових та інших прикметників

beautiful – more beautiful – the most beautiful

Приклади утворення

Звичайний ступінь	Порівняльний ступінь	Найвищий ступінь
big	bigger	the biggest
high	higher	the highest
polite	politer	the politest
easy	easier	the easiest
clever	cleverer	the cleverest
wonderful	more wonderful	the most wonderful
tired	more tired	the most tired
soon	sooner	the soonest
hardly	more hardly	the most hardly

Запам’ятайте винятки!

good – better – the best

bad – worse – the worst

little – less – the least

many (much) – more – the most

far – farther / further – the farthest / the furthest

old – older / elder – the oldest / the eldest

Приклади

He is in the farthest corner of the garden. – Він у самому дальньому куточку саду.

Further information will be given later. – Наступну інформацію Ви отримаєте пізніше.

He is 5 years older than me. – Він старший за мене на 5 років.

He is my elder brother. – Він мій старший брат.

Запам’ятайте прислів’я!

East or west – home is best. Better late than never. The grass is always greener on the other side.

☺Smile !

Teacher: And as you know, heat causes expansion and cold contraction. Elliot, can you give me an example? – Elliot: Yes, Sir. In summer when it’s hot the days are longer than in winter when it’s cold.

Вправа 3. Утворіть порівняльний та найвищий ступені порівняння прикметників та прислівників.

1. Hot, long, short, clever, silly, great, red, black, white, thin, thick, fat, nice, warm, cold, merry, small, tall, high, weak, strong, heavy, light, green, dry, clean, dirty, wide, deep, brave.

2. Necessary, quickly, slowly, clearly, well, far, highly, widely, poorly.

Вправа 4. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи потрібну форму прикметника. Перекладіть рідною мовою.

1. They are not (small) particles, but they are very small. 2. This discovery is much (important) than the previous one. 3. It is (easy) to manufacture parts of plastics than of metal or wood. 4. This is (good) laboratory in our Institute. 5. Aluminum is (light) known metal. 6. This book is (interesting) than that one. 7. That exercise is (easy) of all. 8. Gagarin Avenue is (wide) than Pushkinskaya Street. 9. February is (short) of all the months of the year. 10. Her pronunciation is (good) than Nick’s. 11. Our house is (high) than yours. 12. These roses are (beautiful) than those. 13. Russia is a very (large) country.