Лекции по электронике

ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ: ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɫ ɈɄ ɧɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ, ɄUXX § 1 (0.9÷0.99) Uȼɕɏ = Uȼɏ - UȻɗ, UȻɗ > 0 § 0.5 ÷ 0.7 ȼ.

ɋɯɟɦɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɈɄ, ɬ.ɤ. ɨɛɳɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɟɦɥɹ, ɚ EK ɡɚɡɟɦɥɺɧ, ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ – ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ.

ɉɭɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ¨Uȼɏ; ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ¨IȻ, ¨Iɗ, ¨IɗRɗ.

ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɫ ɈɄ

1) Rȼɏ

Ʌɟɤɰɢɹ 9

3) Rȼɕɏ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɫ ɈɄ

ɬ.ɤ. eȽ = 0 => ¨IȻ = 0, => ¨Iɗ = 0; Rȼɕɏ = Rɗ.

Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ:

Ʉ– ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬ – ɈɄ

Ʉ– ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬ – Ɉɗ

RɄ = 2000 ɈɆ Rɗ = 400 ɈɆ

ȿɄ = 10 ȼ ȿɋɆ = 0.4 ȼ ȕ = 100

~UȼɏM = 1 ȼ

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ 3 ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɈɄ ɢ Ɉɗ.

Rȼɏ, Rȼɕɏ, KUXX ɞɥɹ Ɉɗ ɢ ɈɄ, ɧɚɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɫɰɢɥɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Uȼɏ, Uȼɕɏ1, Uȼɕɏ2.

1. Ʉɚɫɤɚɞ ɫ Ɉɗ (Ʉ - ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬ)

Rȼɏ = rȻ + (ȕ + 1) Rɗ = 100 + (100 + 1) 400 = 40.5 ɤɈɆ, Rȼɏ = 40.4 ɤɈɆ ɩɪɢ rȻ = 0

Rȼɕɏ = RK = 2000 ɈɆ

ȿCM KUXX = 0.4 5 = 2 ȼ

UȼɏɆ KUXX = 1 5 = 5 ȼ 2. Ʉɚɫɤɚɞ ɫ ɈɄ

KUXX = 1

Rȼɏ = rȻ + (ȕ + 1) (Rɗ||Rɇ) = 100 + (100 + 1) 400 = 40.5 ɤɈɆ Rȼɕɏ = Rɗ = 400 ɈɆ

Ɉɫɰɢɥɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Uȼɏ, Uȼɕɏ1, Uȼɕɏ2.

Ⱦɪɟɣɮ ɧɭɥɹ

Ⱦɪɟɣɮ ɧɭɥɹ – ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɱɟɪɬɚ ɍɉɌ. ɉɨɞ ɞɪɟɣɮɨɦ ɧɭɥɹ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ Uȼɕɏ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ Uȼɏ. ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ: ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɫ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɬɚɪɟɧɢɹ).

1) ɇɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.

ɉɭɫɬɶ EK ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɫɹ => ĹEɋɆ => ĹIȻ => ĹIɄ => ĹURK => Uȼɕɏ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɫɹ, ɬ.ɤ. KU > 1, ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ Uȼɕɏ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ EK.

2) ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ.

ɉɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ȕ => ĹIɄ => ĹURK, ɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ Uȼɕɏ. UȾɊ.ȼɕɏ.MAX – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ Uȼɕɏ ɞɪɟɣɮɚ ɧɭɥɹ.

U UȾɊ.ȼɕɏ.MAX

KU

Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ Uȼɏ >> UȾɊ.ȼɏ.MAX; ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɦ ɞɪɟɣɮ ɧɭɥɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɞɪɟɣɮɨɦ ɧɭɥɹ – ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɫɬɨɜ.

Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ (ȾɄ)

4 ɩɥɟɱɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɵ RK1, RK2, VT1, VT2. ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɶ – ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ EK, -EK. ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɶ – ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ RK1, RH. ȾɄ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ. ɂɦɟɟɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬ.ɟ. RK1 = RK2, VT1 = VT2, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɟ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɵ.

Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɩɨɤɨɹ

ȼɤɥɸɱɚɟɦ EK1 ɢ –ȿɄ2; Uȼɏ1 = Uȼɏ2 = 0, UȻɗɉ1 = UȻɗɉ2 > 0, UȻɗ = - Uɗɉ.

Uɗɉ = [- ȿɄ1 + (Iɗɉ1 + Iɗɉ2) Rɗ] 0

ɬ.ɟ. UȻɗ = EɋɆ = - Uɗɉ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ IȻɉ1 = IȻɉ2;

UɄɗɉ1 = UɄɗɉ2 = EK1 – IɄɉ1 RK1 – Uɗɉ = EK1 – IɄɉ2 RɄ2 - Uɗɉ

Uȼɕɏ = UɄɗɉ2 – UɄɗɉ1 = 0

ɉɭɫɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ Ĺ ȕ => ĹIɄɉ1 = IɄɉ2 => ĹIɗɉ1 = Iɗɉ2 => ĹUɗɉ => ĻUȻɗɉ1, UȻɗɉ2 => ĻIȻɉ1, IȻɉ2 => ĻIɄɉ1, IɄɉ2 => Ļ Iɗɉ1, Iɗɉ2, ɬ.ɟ Iɗɉ1 + Iɗɉ2 = const, ɬ.ɤ. Rɗ ɜɟɥɢɤɨ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɚɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ Rɗ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ Rɗ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɬɨɤɚ ɫ

RȼɇɍɌ = .

Ʌɟɤɰɢɹ 10

¨Uɗ – ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɭɦɦɭ Iɗ1 + Iɗ2 = const

Ⱦɪɟɣɮ ɧɭɥɹ

ɉɭɫɬɶ E1 ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ => ĹUɄɗ1 = UɄɗ2, Uȼɕɏ = UɄɗ2 – UɄɗ1 = 0

Ʌɸɛɵɟ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɞɪɟɣɮɭ ɧɭɥɹ. ɉɪɢɥɨɠɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ 2-ɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ.

1) Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɛɚɡɚɦɢ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ.

¨UȻɗ2 = 0 => ¨IȻ2 < 0 => ¨IɄ2 = 0 => ¨Iɗ2 < 0 => ¨UɄɗ2 > 0.

Uȼɕɏ = ¨UɄɗ2 - ¨UɄɗ1 = 2 ¨UɄɗ

ȿɫɥɢ Uȼɏ1 = -Uȼɏ2, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ¨Iɗ1 = -¨Iɗ2

ɬ.ɤ. ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ, ɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬ Iɗ1 + Iɗ2 = const Ɂɧɚɱɢɬ ¨Uɗ = 0, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ:

ɚ) Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ. ɛ) ȼ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɟ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ

ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ Rɗ ɧɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ. 2)Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɢɦ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɤ ɛɚɡɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ, ɡɚɤɨɪɨɬɢɜ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɯɨɞ.

Uȼɏ1 = e > 0; Uȼɏ2 = 0.

Ɂɧɚɱɢɬ ¨UȻɗ1 > 0 =>¨IȻ1 > 0 => ¨IɄ1 > 0 => ¨Iɗ1 > 0 => ¨UɄɗ1 < 0;

ɉɪɢ ɪɨɫɬɟ IȻ1, => ĹIɗ1, ɬ.ɤ. Iɗ1 + Iɗ2 = const; Iɗ2 ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ¨Iɗ2 = -¨Iɗ1.

Uȼɕɏ = ¨UɄɗ2 - ¨UɄɗ1 > 0

ȼɵɜɨɞ: ɜɯɨɞ 1 ɧɟɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ, ɬ.ɤ ¨Uȼɏ>0 ɢ ¨Uȼɕɏ>0.Ɂɧɚɱɢɬ ɢɡ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɯɨɞ 2 ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɭ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ.

Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ Uȼɏ1 = Uȼɏ2, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ Uȼɕɏ = (Uȼɏ1 – Uȼɏ2) KU = 0 ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɫɢɧɮɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ. Ɂɚ ɫɱɺɬ

ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ: Uȼɕɏ = kɋ Uȼɏ, ɝɞɟ kɋ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɫɢɧɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. ɑɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ kɋ, ɬɟɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɟɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ.

ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ: ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ (ȾɄ).

Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ – ɡɟɦɥɹ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ȾɄ

Uȼɕɏ = 2 ¨UɄɗ, ɬ.ɤ. Iɗ1 + Iɗ2 = const, ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɨɤɚ Rɗ =

2) ȼɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ

3) ȼɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ

Ɂɚɤɨɪɨɬɢɥɢ Uȼɏ, ɢ ɜɫɟ ɗȾɋ, ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɦ ɨɦɦɟɬɪ.¨IȻ=0; ¨IɄ=0; ¨Iɗ=0; Rȼɕɏ = 2 RɄ Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ

ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ Rȼɏ. ɗɉ – ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ.

Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɯ ȾɄ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɫɥɚɛɵɣ ɞɪɟɣɮ ɧɭɥɹ. ɇɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɣ ȾɄ ɞɚɺɬ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɦɟɠɞɭ Uȼɏ ɢ Uȼɕɏ. Ʉɚɫɤɚɞ ɫ ɈɄ ɞɚɺɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ Rȼɕɏ. ɂɡ-ɡɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȾɄ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ Ɉɍ ɞɜɭɯɩɨɥɹɪɧɨ. Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ: ȾȺ3.2 ɢɥɢ Ⱥ3.2, ɝɞɟ 3 – ɧɨɦɟɪ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ, 2 – ɧɨɦɟɪ Ɉɍ ɜ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɯ ɜ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ.

Uȼɕɏ = KU (Uȼɏ1 - Uȼɏ2)

Ƚɨɜɨɪɹɬ, ɱɬɨ Ɉɍ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɯɨɞ, ɬ.ɟ. ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ Ɉɍ

1)KUXX § 50000

2)Rȼɏ = 300 ɤɈɆ (ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ)

=10 ɆɈɆ (ɩɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ)

3)RɇȺȽ.MIN § 3 ɤɈɆ (ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ)

ȼ ɦɨɳɧɵɯ Ɉɍ Iȼɕɏ § 300 ɦȺ

4)ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɭɥɹ UɋɆ = 5 ɦȼ

5)ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ Eɉ = r 15 ȼ (ɟɫɬɶr 12,6;r 6,3; r 5 ÷ 15)

Ʌɟɤɰɢɹ 11

Uȼɕɏ.Ɉɍ.MAX = (0.9 ÷ 0.95) Eɉ = (0.9 ÷ 0.95) 15 = 13.5 ÷ 14.25 ȼ

ɉɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɍ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ (Uȼɏ

– Uȼɏ2) = EȾɂɎ (ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɗȾɋ) KU.Ɉɍ § 50000 (ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ)

§ 0 ȼ

ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ɉɍ

1) ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɚ = ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ijɉɊəɆ.ȼɏ = ijɂɇȼ.ȼɏ ɢɥɢ Uȼɏ – Uȼɏ2

= 0

2)Rȼɕɏ.Ɉɍ = ( § 300 ɤɈɆ ), ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ Iȼɏ = 0

3)KU = 50000, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ KU =

ȼɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ Ɉɍ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ Ɉɍ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɤɨ.

ɇɚɪɢɫɭɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ Uȼɕɏ(Uȼɏ).

Uȼɕɏ = 0 ɩɪɢ Uȼɏ = UCM

ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ:

1)Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ Ɉɍ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɚɥ.

2)Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɄU ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ.

3)ɇɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɫɬɶ KU ɨɬ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɤ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɭ.

ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ Ɉɍ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ.

ɇɟɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ Ɉɍ

Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ (ɈɈɋ)

Uȼɕɏ = (Uȼɏ - UOC) KU = Uȼɏ – UOC = Uȼɕɏ ; KU

ɉɪɢ KU , Uȼɏ – UOC = 0, Uȼɏ = UOC;