Лекции по электронике
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Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ 0 < Ȧt < ʌ : ɞɢɨɞ V1 – ɨɬɤɪɵɬ; ɞɢɨɞ V2 – ɡɚɤɪɵɬ. Ud=e2 Udm=E2m=
2E2
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ʌ < Ȧt < 2ʌ: ɞɢɨɞ V1 –ɡɚɤɪɵɬ; ɞɢɨɞ V2 – ɨɬɤɪɵɬ.
Ɍɨɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɨ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ (ɬɨɤ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɭɥɶɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ).
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɭɸ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ.
ud (t) Ud u(t)
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1 S |
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2E |
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2 2 |
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ud |
T |
³0 ud (t)dt |
S ³0 udm sinwtdwt |
S |
³0 |
2E2 sin wtdwt |
S |
2 |
coswt |
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S |
E2 |
0.9E2 |
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2 E |
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0.9E |
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E2 |
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ud 1.11Ud |
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d |
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U ɩ1max |
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ʌ |
2ʌ |
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɢɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ T |
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ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ T S |
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t |
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U ɩ |
U ɩ1 |
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɜ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ 1-ɚɹ |
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ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɚ, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ |
Zɉ ɜ 2 ɪɚɡɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɢɬɚɸɳɟɣ |
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ɫɟɬɢ. ɗɬɭ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɭ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɜɢɬɶ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɦɢ,
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨ ɟɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɫɭɞɹɬ ɨɛ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɲɬɪɢɯɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɚ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ.
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɣ q Un1m ;
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ud |
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, ɝɞɟ m – ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɫɟɬɢ (ɱɢɫɥɨ |
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m2 1 |
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ɮɚɡ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɢɬɟɥɹ).
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ
q |
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0.67 |
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ɑɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ, ɬɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɞɢɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:
1.ɉɪɹɦɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ.
2.Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ.
Id |
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Ud |
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- ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ. |
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Iam |
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Idm |
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ɨɞɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɜɨɥɧɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɤɚ id ɧɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ: |
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Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɤɚ ia |
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Ia |
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2 |
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uɨɛɪ.m |
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2Em2 2 |
2E2 |
2 |
2 Sud |
Sud |
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uɨɛɪ.m |
Sud |
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Pɧ |
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Ud2 |
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Ud |
E2 |
Pɧ |
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E22 |
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- ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ. |
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Rɧ |
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Rɧ |
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Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɨɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ:
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u2 |
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(0.9E |
2 |
)2 |
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0.81E2 |
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P |
d |
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2 |
0.81P |
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ɧ.ɩɨɫɬ. |
Rɧ |
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Rɧ |
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ɧ |
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Rɧ |
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Ɉɤɨɥɨ 20% ɜɫɟɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ (ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ) ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ.
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ: SɌ 1.34Pd (ɩɪɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ - ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ)
§5 Ɉɞɧɨɮɚɡɧɚɹ ɞɜɭɯɩɨɥɭɩɟɪɢɨɞɧɚɹ ɦɨɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɭɜɨɥɧɟ ɗȾɋ e2 (ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ 0-S ) ɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɢɨɞ V1, ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ RɧLɧ ɢ ɞɢɨɞ V4. Ⱦɢɨɞɵ V2 ɢ V3 ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ (ɩɥɸɫ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧ ɤ ɤɚɬɨɞɭ, ɚ ɦɢɧɭɫ ɤ ɚɧɨɞɭ).
ɉɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɇɨɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɢ ɛɟɡ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ e
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ, ɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ2ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɧɟɬ
(ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ S y2S ) ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ V2 ɢ V3 ɢ ɬɨɤ id ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ (Lɧ 0 ), ɬɨ
ɬɨɤ id ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ, ɚ i1 ɢ i2 ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ (ɲɬɪɢɯɨɜɵɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ)
ȿɫɥɢ Lɧ z 0 , ɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɬɨɤɚ ɢ id ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ud ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ (ɫɩɥɨɲɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ id ).
ɉɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ( X L Zɉ Lɇ > 10Rɇ ) ɬɨɤ id ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ (ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɝɥɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ).
ɉɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɬɨɤɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ. Ɍɨɤɢ ia ,i2 ,i1 ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ.
ɉɪɢ R-L ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ, ɮɨɪɦɚ ud ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬ e2 , ɚ ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ.
Ud |
2 2 E2 |
0.9E2 |
ɢɥɢ |
E2 |
1.11Ud |
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ɉɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɠɟɦ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɜ Lɧ , ɞɢɨɞɚɯ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ id |
Id |
(ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɝɥɚɠɟɧ) Id |
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Ɍɨɤ ɜ ɞɢɨɞɟ Ia |
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2Rɧ |
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U |
ɨɛɪ.m |
E |
2m |
2E |
2 |
2 |
2 SU |
d |
S U |
d |
S |
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1.11P |
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Ɍ |
d |
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U |
ɨɛɪ.m |
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Ⱦɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ:
1.Ɇɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɞɢɨɞɨɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ.
2.ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɞɢɨɞ ɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɥɨɦ ɩɢɬɚɸɳɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ, ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ.
ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ:
1.ɇɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɛɟɡ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ.
2.SɌ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɚ 20% ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɰɟɧɚ.
3.Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ:
1.Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚɫ ɭɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ.
2.SɌ ɧɚ 20% ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ ɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɰɟɧɚ.
3.ȼ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɨɞɨɜ.
ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɦɨɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ:
1.ȼ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɞɢɨɞɨɜ.
2.ɉɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɨɛɬɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɞɢɨɞɚ. Ɇɨɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ E2=10÷100 ȼ.
§6 Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ: ɍɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ.
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Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ: S |
qɜɯ |
- ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ (ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ) ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ. ɑɟɦ |
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qɜɵɯ |
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ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɟɦ ɥɭɱɲɟ.
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Un1m |
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S |
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Ud |
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Un1mUɧ |
Uɧn1m |
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UdUɧn1m |
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U ɇ |
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ɋɯɟɦɚ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ L ɢ L-C ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ:
Uɧ Iɧ Rɧ
r – ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ L ɢ L-C ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ:
Ȧn= 2Ȧɫɟɬɢ
Z ɩɨɫɥ |
- ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ. |
Z ɩɚɪ - ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ. |
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Uɧɩ1 |
Iɩ1m Zɩɚɪ |
ɑɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ Z ɩɨɫɥ ɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ Z ɩɚɪ , ɬɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ U ɧɩ1 ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ S.
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ L – ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ:
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Zɩɨɫɥ |
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ZɩL |
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Zɩɚɪ |
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Rɧ |
Uɧɩ1m |
Uɩ1m |
R2 Rɧ |
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(Z |
L)2 |
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ɩ |
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ɧ |
S |
U U |
Uɩ1mUd Rɧ (ZɩL)2 Rɧ2 |
(ZɩL)2 Rɧ2 |
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ɩ1m ɧ |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɦ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɹ: r << Rɧ ɢRɧ << ZɩL |
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Uɧɩ1Ud |
(r Rɧ )Uɩ1mUd Rɧ |
r Rɧ |
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S ZɩL Rɧ
S |
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Z |
ɩɨɫɥ |
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ɑɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ Rɧ |
ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ S |
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Z |
ɩɚɪ |
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ɂɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ ɜ «ɫɢɥɶɧɨɬɨɱɧɵɯ» ɫɯɟɦɚɯ, ɝɞɟ |
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Rɧ - ɦɚɥɨ |
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«ɋɢɥɶɧɨɬɨɱɧɚɹ» ɫɯɟɦɚ – ɷɬɨ ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ (ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ) ɬɨɤɢ.
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ Lɋ – ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ:
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɲɭɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ. ɍɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɲɭɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ:
X c |
1 |
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ < 0.1Rɧ |
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Zɩɋ |
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Zɩɚɪ |
1 |
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Zɩɋ |
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S |
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Z |
ɩɨɫɥ |
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Z |
L |
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Zɩ2 LC |
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ɩ |
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Z ɩɚɪ |
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1 |
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Zɩɋ
SZɩ2 LC 
- ɂɡ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ LC-ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ.
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ R-C-ɮɢɥɶɬɪ
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɢ R-C ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɬɨɤɢ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɢɬɟɥɹ ("ɫɥɚɛɨɬɨɱɧɚɹ" ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɫ ɦɚɥɵɦ ("ɫɥɚɛɵɦ") ɬɨɤɨɦ).
r - ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɦɨɬɨɤ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ:
1. |
0 < t <t1 |
e2 > ud V1 – ɨɬɤɪɵɬ, V2 – ɡɚɤɪɵɬ. ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɡɚɪɹɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɦ ɬɨɤɚ i a1 |
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t1 < t < t2 |
e2 < ud ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɪɚɡɪɹɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ (Rɧ ). V1 ɢ V2 – ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵ. |
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t2 < t < t3 |
e2 > ud V2 – ɨɬɤɪɵɬ, V1 – ɡɚɤɪɵɬ. ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɡɚɪɹɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɦ ɬɨɤɚ i a2 |