23. Theories of syllable formation and division.

Syllable formation is based on phonological opposition vowel — consonant. Vowels are syllabic, consonants — are not. (exc.)

The theories:

1. there are as many syllables as vowels (most ancient one)

2. expiratory theory (as many syllables as expirations. Sokolova says that some words can be pronounced with a single expiration.)

3. sonority theory (as many syllables as peaks of sonority. Skale of sonority (back open vowel > sonorants)

4. muscular tension theory (Scerba)(syllable is defined as an arc of musctular tension. Consonants: finally strong, initially strong, double peaked)

24. The publicistic style.

Oratorical!

Aim — persuasion + influence.

• needs training

• Rehearsed

• Accompanied with moves

(timbre, loudness, pauses, rhythm, parallelism)

25. Status of affricates.

Problem: monophonemic or biphonemic complexes and how many of them there are.

Monophonemic if:

• elements belong to the same syllable

• produced by one articulatory effort

• duration not exceed either of elements.

Application:

1. syllabic indivisibility (butcher)

2. articulatory indivisibility

3. duration (not reliable)

4. morphological

5. native speakers

Number: no morpheme should be within. Ts, dz, tth, dth – native speakers in any phon context.

26. Vowel length.

Only monophthongs, point of disagreement, depends on…

Different approaches: jones: chronemes

Why not?:

• a number of units

• systematic