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20 |
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– |
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. ( ) |
( = / V) |
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p/r = const. |
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pV = const |
p(m/r) = const, |
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m=const, |
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p |
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p |
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rγ , |
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dp |
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grγ −1 = g |
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rγ −1 |
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rγ |
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r0γ |
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r0γ |
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dr |
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r0 r0γ −1 |
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, , |
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rγ −1 |
» 1 |
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(8) |
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{ pV = |
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RT ® |
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= r ® |
p |
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} (9) |
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c = |
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p0 |
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m |
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(µ – |
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= 8,31 /( × ) – ). |
, |
R |
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c = |
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c |
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χ – .) |
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r |
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: d(pr− γ ) = r−γ dp + p(-g)r−γ −1dr = 0 ; dp = gpr−1dr ; dp / dr = gp / r ).
, (9),
.
).
(9)
, , ,
, : 1) v
, , ; 2)
. , .
=1000 , (
) =0,5 , =±0,5 . ,1 “ ” (
v ) 2 ×1000 -1 = 2000 = 20 .
l= = 340 / 1000 -1 = 0,34 = 34 ,
, l/2 » 17 . ?
1 ( , , )
v»20 D , 1 ,
( /2) l/2,
D Dr. 1 << 17 , Dr << r0 r»r0,
(9). , (
, ) “ ” ( , ) .
, ( ) ?
, 10000 v=200 , l=3,4 ,
20000 v>c, l/2»1 ,
20
– . ,
( ) ,
( ),
– . ( : ).
,
, , .
, , :
(
), . .
.
, ,
, ( ,
), . -
, . -
, .
– ,
.
. , 1,5
, 35 ,
~400 ,
.
, 10 ( )
, r 4 , – 500 , ~1000 / .
,
,
. , , ,
v³c ( ,
). ,
60 , v>2c
240 , v»3 – ~820 . ~10
( , ,
“ ” – ) ,
.
100-60 .
§4.
, ,
.
.
L=ct, –
, t = 1 , L = c.
21
( ).
x, y, z, . 2, :
1S1 = p3S3×sina, 2S2 = p3S3×cosa, 4S4 = p5S5. |
(4) |
. 2, :
S1 = S3×sina, |
S2 = S3×cosa, |
S4 = S5, |
(4) ( V®0) |
1 = 2 = p3, 4 = p5. |
(5) |
a , (5) ,
,
,
), .
,
( F) .
, DS ,
DS (DS = DS×n), , ,
. , , ,
DF DS, , , .
1 = 1 / 1 2.
,
:
1)( . .): 1 . . – ,
1 (p = rgh).
1. . = 13,6×103 3 × 9,81 2 × 0,001 = 133,3 2 ( );
2)( ): 1 –
; , 1 = 760 . .
1= 760 . . × 133,3 . = 1,013×105 ;
3)( ):
1= 1 2 = 1 × 9,81 ( 2) / 10-4 2 = 0,981×105 ;
|
1 / 1 = (0,981×105 )/(1,013×105 ) = 0,968 ® 1 = 0,968 . |
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, , |
, ( , , ),
( ) (
). , ( )
Dl S. ,
Dl , D ,
D ×S,
. ,
Dp = 0 , , =const.
Dl
21
, ,
( ).
S.
, ( )
: 1S 2S.
( ), 1 = 2; ,
( ), ( ),
.
,
( . 3).
, F=pS, S
( ) F = mg = ρVg = ρghS (ρ –
, h – , g –
)
p2S = p1S + ρghS, p2 = p1 + ρgh. (6)
, ( )
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. 3 |
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( ) |
S = 1 2. (6) p = ρgh |
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( h). |
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( |
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). |
(6) |
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. |
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U- |
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, |
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( |
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. 4 |
), |
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. 4. |
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.
, ) ( , )
( ), ,
. ,
) ( ).
( ), (
) ,
. ,
( ),
, .