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Grammar: The plural of the nouns

(множественное число существительных)

Множественноеѝ числоѝ существительныхѝ образуетсяѝ добавлениемѝ кѝ нимѝокончанияѝ-s

lessonѝ—ѝlessonsѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝtextѝ—ѝtextsѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝdayѝ—ѝdaysѝ

Еслиѝсуществительноеѝоканчиваетсяѝнаѝ-yѝсѝпредшествующейѝсоглас- ной,ѝтоѝ-yѝменяетсяѝнаѝиѝдобавляетсяѝокончаниеѝ-es

dictionaryѝ—ѝdictionariesѝ

Некоторыеѝ существительныеѝ образуютѝ множественноеѝ числоѝ неѝ поѝ правилам:ѝ

manѝ—ѝmenѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝwomanѝ—ѝwomenѝ

Множественноеѝ числоѝ английскихѝ словѝ иностранногоѝ происхожденияѝследуетѝуточнитьѝвѝсловаре.ѝНапример:ѝ

referendumѝ—ѝreferendaѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝbureauѝ—ѝbureauxѝ matrixѝ—ѝmatricesѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝdiagnosisѝѝdiagnosesѝ

Exercise 1 Give the singular form of the following nouns.

rulesѝѝ

bureauxѝ

countriesѝ

positionsѝѝ

diagnosesѝ

crimesѝ

studentsѝѝ

certificatesѝ

sentencesѝ

teachersѝѝ

peopleѝ

lawsѝ

wordsѝѝ

lawyersѝ

sciencesѝ

Exercise 2 Give the plural form of the following nouns.

universityѝ

passengerѝ

ministryѝ

degreeѝ

departmentѝ

exampleѝ

matrixѝ

mistakeѝ

wordѝ

familyѝ

officerѝ

addressѝ

languageѝ

expressionѝ

weekѝ

Reading

Before you read, answer these questions.

1.ѝHaveѝyouѝeverѝhelpedѝpeopleѝinѝanѝaccident?ѝ 2.ѝDoѝyouѝknowѝwhatѝtoѝdoѝifѝyouѝseeѝanѝaccident?ѝ

41

Exercise 1 Read the text.

A brave Woman

AѝsergeantѝfromѝArizonaѝpoliceѝdepartment:ѝ

«HelenѝPresleyѝrescuedѝthreeѝpeopleѝfromѝaѝburningѝcar.ѝThatѝisѝhowѝitѝ allѝhappened.ѝOneѝeveningѝsheѝwentѝoutѝwithѝherѝfriendѝJackѝforѝaѝmealѝ inѝaѝsmallѝquietѝrestaurant.ѝTheyѝleftѝatѝ9ѝpmѝandѝHelenѝofferedѝtoѝtakeѝ Jackѝhome.ѝTheyѝwereѝdrivingѝalongѝwhen,ѝsuddenly,ѝaѝcarѝdroveѝpastѝ themѝoutѝofѝcontrol.ѝTheѝcarѝcrashedѝandѝafterѝthatѝitѝburstѝintoѝflames.ѝ

Firstѝtheyѝranѝtoѝtheѝburningѝcar.ѝWhenѝtheyѝgotѝthere,ѝtheyѝsawѝthreeѝ peopleѝtrappedѝinside.ѝTheѝpeopleѝwereѝscreamingѝandѝHelenѝknewѝtheyѝ hadѝtoѝgetѝthemѝout.ѝItѝwasѝincrediblyѝhotѝwhenѝHelenѝandѝherѝfriendѝ managedѝtoѝopenѝtheѝdoors.ѝ

Theѝdriverѝwasѝsittingѝinside,ѝunconscious.ѝTheyѝgotѝhimѝoutѝandѝthenѝ wentѝbackѝforѝtheѝotherѝtwoѝpassengers.ѝHelenѝhadѝtoѝclimbѝoverѝtheѝ frontѝseatsѝtoѝgetѝtoѝthem.ѝSurprisingly,ѝtheѝpassengersѝwereѝableѝtoѝwalkѝ awayѝfromѝtheѝcar.ѝMeanwhile,ѝsomeѝpeopleѝwhoѝwereѝwatchingѝfromѝaѝ nearbyѝ campsite,ѝ calledѝ theѝ emergencyѝ service.ѝ Weѝ cameѝ asѝ soonѝ asѝ possible.ѝ

TheѝbraveѝwomanѝwasѝstandingѝthereѝinѝaѝstateѝofѝshockѝwhenѝIѝaskedѝ herѝforѝherѝnameѝandѝaddress.ѝSheѝcouldn'tѝremember!ѝѝ

Sheѝsaysѝsheѝdidn'tѝdoѝanythingѝextraordinaryѝbutѝourѝpoliceѝdepartmentѝ presentedѝthemѝwithѝcertificatesѝforѝtheirѝbravery!ѝButѝIѝthinkѝitsѝniceѝ feelingѝtoѝknowѝyou'veѝhelpedѝtoѝsaveѝsomeone'sѝlife!ѝ

Vocabulary

rescueѝ ѝ

 

 

спастиѝ

crashedѝ(toѝcrash)ѝ

ѝ

разбиться,ѝпотерпетьѝавариюѝ

burstѝintoѝflamesѝ

 

вспыхнутьѝ

screamѝ ѝ

 

 

кричатьѝ

emergencyѝserviceѝ

ѝ

скораяѝпомощьѝ

burningѝcarѝ

ѝ

 

горящаяѝмашинаѝ

trappedѝinѝtheѝcarѝ

ѝ

заблокированныеѝвѝмашинеѝ

unconsciousѝ

ѝ

 

безѝсознанияѝ

inѝaѝstateѝofѝshockѝ

ѝ

вѝсостоянииѝшокаѝ

certificateѝforѝbraveryѝ

 

грамотаѝзаѝхрабростьѝ

42

Exercise 2 Insert appropriate prepositions.

1.Helenѝrescuedѝthreeѝpeopleѝ___ѝaѝburningѝcar.ѝ

2.Sheѝwentѝoutѝ___ѝherѝfriendѝ___ѝaѝmealѝ___ѝaѝsmallѝquietѝrestaurant.ѝ

3.Aѝcarѝdroveѝ___ѝtoѝthemѝ___ѝ___ѝcontrol.ѝ

4.Helenѝhadѝtoѝclimbѝ___ѝtheѝfrontѝseatsѝtoѝgetѝ___ѝtheѝpassengers.ѝ

5.Peopleѝ___ѝaѝnearbyѝcampsiteѝcalledѝtheѝemergencyѝservice.ѝ

6.Theѝbraveѝwomanѝwasѝ___ѝaѝstateѝ___ѝshockѝwhenѝtheѝpolicemanѝ askedѝherѝ___ѝherѝnameѝandѝaddress.ѝ

Exercise 3 Answer the questions to the text.

1.ѝWhatѝwereѝHelenѝandѝJackѝdoingѝwhenѝtheѝotherѝcarѝcrashed?ѝ 2.ѝWhatѝtheyѝdidѝwhenѝtheѝotherѝcarѝcrashed?ѝ

3.ѝWhatѝwereѝtheѝpeopleѝinѝtheѝcarѝdoingѝwhenѝHelenѝandѝJackѝgotѝѝ

ѝѝѝѝѝthere?ѝ 4.ѝWhatѝdidѝtheyѝdoѝwhenѝtheyѝgotѝintoѝtheѝcar?ѝ

5.ѝWhatѝdidѝtheѝpeopleѝaroundѝdoѝwhenѝtheyѝsawѝtheѝaccident?ѝ

Over to you

Use the following phrases to write a letter of gratitude to Helen Presley from the captain of Arizona police department.

DearѝMadam…ѝ Weѝareѝwritingѝthisѝletter…ѝ Weѝareѝgratefulѝforѝ…ѝ Weѝwouldѝlikeѝtoѝdecorateѝyouѝforѝbravery…ѝ

Could/Wouldѝyouѝcomeѝtoѝtheѝpoliceѝstationѝatѝ…ѝ Weѝareѝgoingѝtoѝgiveѝyouѝaѝcertificate…ѝ Weѝareѝlookingѝforwardѝto…ѝ

Bestѝregards…ѝ Yoursѝsincerely…ѝ

43

Grammar: Pronouns

many /much little /a little few /a few

сѝисчисляемымиѝсуществительнымиѝ

manyѝѝ

многоѝѝ

manyѝtrials,ѝmanyѝpeopleѝ

fewѝѝ

малоѝѝ

fewѝtrials,ѝfewѝpeopleѝ

aѝfewѝѝ

несколько,ѝнемногоѝѝ

aѝfewѝtrials,ѝaѝfewѝpeopleѝ

 

 

 

сѝнеисчисляемымиѝсуществительнымиѝ

 

 

 

muchѝѝ

много,ѝбольшойѝ

muchѝdifference,ѝmuchѝevidenceѝ

littleѝѝ

малоѝѝ

littleѝdifference,ѝlittleѝevidenceѝ

aѝlittleѝѝ

немного,ѝнебольшойѝѝ

aѝlittleѝdifferenceѝ

 

 

 

Exercise 1 Translate these word combinations into English.

многоѝпреступленийѝ

многоѝвремениѝ

многоѝаргументовѝ

большаяѝразницаѝ

малоѝюристовѝ

малоѝпроблемѝ

малоѝсудейѝ

малоѝадвокатовѝ

некоторыеѝтрудностиѝ

несколькоѝцелейѝ

немногоѝслучаевѝ

несколькоѝчеловекѝ

Exercise 2 Make short sentences with these words.

muchѝnewsѝ muchѝevidenceѝ muchѝadviceѝ aѝfewѝpiecesѝofѝadviceѝ

muchѝinformationѝ muchѝknowledgeѝ manyѝpiecesѝofѝadviceѝ

Grammar: The progressive tenses

(продолженные времена)

TheѝPresent/Past/FutureѝProgressiveѝTensesѝупотребляются,ѝчтобыѝ подчеркнуть,ѝчтоѝданноеѝдействиеѝпроисходит/происходило/будетѝ происходитьѝ вѝ какой-либоѝ моментѝ вѝ настоящем,ѝ прошломѝ илиѝ будущем.ѝ

ѝ

44

TheѝPresentѝPro-

TheѝPastѝProgressiveѝ

TheѝFutureѝProgressiveѝ

gressiveѝTenseѝѝ

Tenseѝѝ

Tenseѝ

 

 

 

 

Утвердительнаяѝформаѝ

amѝreadingѝnow.ѝ

wasѝ readingѝ atѝ thatѝ

Iѝwillѝbeѝreadingѝatѝeightѝ

 

moment.ѝ

tomorrow.ѝ

He/sheѝ isѝ readingѝ

He/sheѝwasѝreadingѝatѝ

He/sheѝwillѝbeѝreadingѝatѝ

now.ѝ

thatѝmoment.ѝ

eightѝtomorrow.ѝ

Theyѝ areѝ readingѝ

Theyѝ wereѝ readingѝ atѝ

Theyѝ willѝ beѝ readingѝ atѝ

now.ѝ

thatѝmoment.ѝ

eightѝtomorrow.ѝ

 

 

 

 

Отрицательнаяѝформаѝѝ

amѝ notѝ writingѝ

wasѝ notѝ readingѝ atѝ

willѝ notѝ beѝ readingѝ atѝ

now.ѝѝ

thatѝmoment.ѝ

eightѝtomorrow.ѝ

ѝѝ ѝ

 

Вопросительнаяѝформаѝѝ

Areѝ youѝ

readingѝ Wasѝheѝreadingѝatѝthatѝ

Willѝ youѝ beѝ readingѝ atѝ

now?ѝ

moment?ѝ

eightѝtomorrow?ѝ

*ѝSeeѝGrammarѝreferenceѝ

Exercise 1 Read and translate these sentences, say what tenses they are used in.

1.MyѝfriendѝisѝreadingѝaѝbookѝinѝFrenchѝnow.ѝ

2.Listen!ѝHeѝisѝcrying!ѝ

3.Weѝareѝdoingѝaѝgrammarѝexerciseѝnow.ѝ

4.Iѝwasѝreadingѝaѝdetectiveѝstoryѝwhenѝyouѝphonedѝmeѝyesterday.ѝ

5.Whatѝwillѝyouѝbeѝdoingѝtomorrowѝatѝthisѝtime?ѝ

6.Iѝwillѝbeѝdoingѝmyѝhomework.ѝ

7.Twoѝmenѝwereѝrobbingѝaѝbankѝwhenѝaѝpolicemanѝsawѝthem.ѝ

8.Theѝpeopleѝwereѝscreamingѝinѝtheѝburningѝcarѝ

9.Theѝpoliceѝofficerѝwasѝrescuingѝtheѝpassengers.ѝ

Exercise 2 Use the verbs in brackets in the correct form (the past progressive, the past simple) to make sentences.

Example:ѝ(walkѝalongѝtheѝstreet/seeѝanѝaccident)ѝ—ѝsawѝanѝaccidentѝwhenѝIѝwasѝ walkingѝalongѝtheѝstreet.ѝ

1.ѝ(meetѝanѝoldѝfriend/haveѝlunchѝinѝaѝcafe).ѝ 2.ѝ(somebody,ѝstealѝaѝwallet/shop).ѝ

45

3.ѝ(hearѝaѝcrash/sleep).ѝ 4.ѝ(talkѝonѝmobile/walkѝintoѝaѝtree).ѝ 5.ѝ(dropѝaѝkey/openѝaѝdoor).ѝ

Exercise 3 Complete these sentences.

1.Sheѝ________ѝ(see)ѝaѝpoliceѝcarѝwhenѝsheѝ__________ѝ(goѝalongѝ theѝstreet).ѝ

2.Iѝ________ѝ(sleep)ѝwhenѝmyѝmobileѝ________ѝ(ring)ѝloudly.ѝ

3.Sheѝ_________ѝ(hear)ѝtheѝpeopleѝscreamingѝwhenѝsheѝ__________ѝ (lookѝoutѝof)ѝtheѝwindow.ѝ

4.Twoѝ thievesѝ _______ѝ (getѝ outѝ ofѝ theѝ house)ѝ whenѝ aѝ patrolmanѝ

________ѝ(notice)ѝthem.ѝ

5.Theѝ teacherѝ _______ѝ (come)ѝ intoѝ theѝ roomѝ whenѝ weѝ wereѝ

________ѝ(cheat).ѝ

6.Iѝ__________ѝ(walk)ѝmyѝdogѝwhenѝitѝ_________ѝ(rain).ѝ

7.Theѝrobber______ѝ(getѝcaught)ѝinѝtheѝrevolvingѝdoorѝasѝheѝ_______ѝ (escape).ѝ

Exercise 4 Answer these questions.

1.ѝWhatѝwereѝyouѝdoingѝwhenѝtheѝteacherѝcameѝintoѝtheѝclassroom?ѝ 2.ѝWhatѝisѝyourѝfriendѝdoingѝnow?ѝ 3.ѝWhatѝwasѝyourѝfriendѝdoingѝatѝ8ѝp.m.ѝyesterday?ѝ 4.ѝWhatѝdidѝyouѝdoѝwhenѝyouѝcameѝtoѝtheѝUniversityѝtodayѝmorning?ѝ 5.ѝWhatѝwasѝyourѝfamilyѝdoingѝwhenѝyouѝcameѝhomeѝlastѝevening?ѝ 6.ѝWhatѝwillѝyouѝbeѝdoingѝtomorrowѝatѝ10ѝa.m.?ѝ 7.ѝWhatѝareѝyouѝdoingѝnow?ѝ

Exercise 5 Insert appropriate articles.

___ѝEnglishѝlanguageѝisѝreallyѝveryѝpopular.ѝManyѝstudentsѝofѝ___ѝUniversityѝofѝ___ѝMinistryѝofѝtheѝInteriorѝofѝ___ѝRussianѝFederationѝareѝstudyingѝ

___ѝEnglish.ѝButѝ___ѝnumberѝofѝhoursѝofѝ___ѝstudiesѝisѝdifferentѝatѝ___ѝ differentѝdepartments.ѝ___ѝfull-timeѝstudentsѝhaveѝ___ѝmanyѝmoreѝlessonsѝ inѝ___ѝacademicѝyear.ѝByѝ___ѝway,ѝsomeѝstudentsѝofѝ___ѝUniversityѝareѝ learningѝ___ѝGermanѝlanguage.ѝButѝ___ѝnumberѝofѝ___ѝstudentsѝlearningѝ

___ѝEnglishѝisѝmuchѝhigher.ѝ___ѝEnglishѝLanguageѝisѝ___ѝmostѝpopularѝ becauseѝitѝisѝ___ѝlanguageѝofѝinternationalѝcommunication.ѝ

46

Grammar: The degrees of comparison (adjectives)

(степени сравнения прилагательных)

Theѝpositiveѝѝ

Theѝcomparativeѝѝ

Theѝsuperlativeѝѝ

(простая)ѝ

(сравнительная)ѝ

(превосходная)ѝ

 

 

 

longѝѝ

longerѝѝ

longestѝ

ѝболееѝдлительныйѝѝ самыйѝдлительныйѝ

popularѝѝ

moreѝpopularѝѝ

mostѝpopularѝ

ѝ

болееѝпопулярныйѝѝ

самыйѝпопулярныйѝ

ѝ

Одно-ѝиѝдвусложныеѝприлагательныеѝобразуютѝстепениѝсравне- нияѝсѝпомощьюѝсуффиксовѝ-er-est,ѝмногосложныеѝприлагатель- ныеѝ—ѝсѝпомощьюѝсловѝmoreѝиѝmost

И с к л ю ч е н и я :ѝ goodѝ—ѝbetterѝ—ѝtheѝbestѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝbadѝ—ѝworseѝ—ѝtheѝworstѝ muchѝ—ѝmoreѝ—theѝmostѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝѝmanyѝ—ѝmoreѝ—ѝtheѝmostѝ

littleѝ—ѝlessѝ—ѝtheѝleastѝ

ѝ

Note:ѝѝѝfarѝ—ѝfartherѝ—ѝtheѝfarthestѝ(оѝрасстоянии)ѝ

ѝѝѝfarѝ—ѝfurtherѝ—ѝtheѝfurthestѝ(оѝвремени)ѝ

Сочетаниеѝmany/muchѝ+ѝприлагательноеѝвѝсравнительнойѝстепениѝпереводитсяѝкакѝнамного:ѝѝ

manyѝmoreѝbooksѝ—ѝнамногоѝбольшеѝкнигѝ muchѝmoreѝpopularѝ—ѝнамногоѝболееѝпопулярныйѝ manyѝfewerѝpeopleѝ—ѝнамногоѝменьшеѝнародаѝ

*ѝSeeѝGrammarѝreferenceѝ

Exercise 1 Give the comparative and the superlative forms of these adjectives.

shortѝ

youngѝ

popularѝ

firmѝ

highѝ

seriousѝ

simpleѝ

essentialѝ

fastѝ

happyѝ

differentѝ

reliableѝ

rationalѝ

intensiveѝ

peacefulѝ

easyѝ

importantѝ

bigѝ

47

Exercise 2 Read and translate these word combinations.

1.ѝmanyѝmoreѝstudentsѝѝ

8.ѝmuchѝfirmerѝ

2.ѝmanyѝmoreѝlessonsѝѝ

9.ѝmuchѝmoreѝdangerousѝ

3.ѝmanyѝmoreѝchangesѝѝ

10.ѝmuchѝmoreѝdifferentѝ

4.ѝmanyѝmoreѝcrimesѝѝ

11.ѝmuchѝbetterѝ

5.ѝmanyѝmoreѝfirearmsѝѝ

12.ѝmuchѝworseѝ

6.ѝmanyѝmoreѝcountriesѝѝ

13.ѝmuchѝmoreѝorderѝ

7.ѝmanyѝmoreѝpolicemenѝ

14.ѝmuchѝmoreѝrationalѝ

Exercise 3 Translate these word combinations into English.

1.ѝбольшеѝзаконовѝ

5.ѝгораздоѝтруднееѝ

2.ѝменьшеѝпреступленийѝ

6.ѝнамногоѝбольшеѝмашинѝѝ

3.ѝбольшеѝвозможностейѝ

7.ѝнамногоѝменьшеѝработыѝ

4.ѝнамногоѝменьшеѝнародаѝ

8.ѝбольшеѝпреподавателейѝ

Exercise 4 Translate these sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the model.

а)ѝYouѝareѝolderѝthatѝme.ѝ—ѝТыѝстарше,ѝчемѝя.ѝѝ

1.ѝYouѝstudyѝbetterѝthatѝme.ѝ 2.ѝSheѝisѝtallerѝthanѝherѝfriend.ѝ 3.ѝWeѝcameѝhomeѝearlierѝthanѝusual.ѝ 4.ѝIt'sѝcolderѝtodayѝthanѝitѝwasѝyesterday.ѝ 5.ѝTheyѝhaveѝmoreѝmoneyѝthanѝus.ѝ 6.ѝMyѝfriendѝisѝmoreѝinterestedѝinѝCivilѝlawѝthanѝme.ѝ

b)ѝ Myѝ problemsѝ areѝ moreѝ importantѝ thanѝ yours.ѝ —ѝ Моиѝ проблемыѝ

важнее,ѝчемѝтвои.ѝ

1.ѝ Theѝ entranceѝ examsѝ wereѝ veryѝ difficult.ѝ Theyѝ wereѝ moreѝ difficultѝѝ

ѝѝѝѝѝѝthanѝweѝexpected.ѝ 2.ѝThisѝstudentѝisѝmoreѝhardworkingѝthanѝhisѝgroup-mate.ѝ 3.ѝHeѝdoesn'tѝknowѝmuch.ѝIѝknowѝmoreѝthanѝhim.ѝ 4.ѝTheѝsubjectsѝatѝtheѝUniversityѝareѝmoreѝinterestingѝthanѝatѝschool.ѝ

5.ѝAfterѝgraduationѝfromѝtheѝUniversityѝweѝwillѝbeѝmoreѝexperiencedѝѝ

ѝѝѝѝѝthanѝfreshmen.ѝ 6.ѝPetrolѝnowѝisѝmoreѝexpensiveѝthanѝitѝwasѝlastѝyear.ѝ

48

c)ѝIѝamѝsorryѝIѝamѝlate.ѝIѝgotѝhereѝasѝfastѝasѝIѝcould.ѝ—ѝИзвинитеѝзаѝ опоздание.ѝЯѝдобралсяѝтакѝбыстро,ѝкакѝтолькоѝсмог.ѝ

1.ѝIѝdon'tѝknowѝasѝmuchѝaboutѝpoliticsѝasѝyouѝdo.ѝ 2.ѝHeѝisѝnotѝasѝbraveѝasѝhisѝcolleague.ѝ 3.ѝThisѝpatrolmanѝisѝasѝexperiencedѝasѝhisѝcolleague.ѝ 4.ѝMyѝfriendѝdidn'tѝdoѝasѝwellѝatѝtheѝexamѝasѝheѝhoped.ѝ 5.ѝIѝneedѝtheѝinformationѝquickly.ѝPleaseѝletѝmeѝknowѝasѝsoonѝasѝpossible.ѝѝ

6.ѝAfterѝgraduationѝfromѝtheѝUniversityѝweѝwillѝbeѝasѝqualifiedѝasѝourѝѝ

ѝѝѝѝѝprofessors,ѝwon'tѝwe?ѝ

Exercise 5 Translate these sentences into English.

1.Предметыѝвѝуниверситетеѝболееѝтрудные,ѝчемѝвѝшколе.ѝ

2.Мнеѝкажется,ѝчтоѝанглийскийѝязыкѝнеѝтакойѝтрудный,ѝкакѝрусский.ѝ

3.Сегодняѝзанятияѝзакончилисьѝпозже,ѝчемѝобычно.ѝ

4.Сейчасѝуѝменяѝбольшеѝдрузей,ѝчемѝбылоѝраньше.ѝ

5.Лекцииѝэтогоѝпрофессораѝболееѝинтересные.ѝ

6.Результатыѝ твоегоѝ тестаѝ неѝ оченьѝ хорошие.ѝ Яѝ уверен,ѝ тыѝ можешьѝнаписатьѝлучше.ѝ

7.Яѝдумал,ѝэтаѝмашинаѝстоитѝдороже.ѝ

8.Яѝпросматриваюѝсвоюѝпочтуѝтеперьѝгораздоѝреже,ѝпотомуѝчтоѝуѝ меняѝнетѝвремени.ѝ

9.Онѝзнаетѝэтоѝтакѝжеѝхорошо,ѝкакѝиѝты.ѝ

Grammar: The demonstrative pronouns

(указательные местоимения)

Singularѝ(единственноеѝчисло)ѝ

Pluralѝ(множественноеѝчисло)ѝ

thisѝэто,ѝэта,ѝэтотѝ

theseѝэтиѝ

thatѝто,ѝта,ѝтотѝ

thoseѝтеѝ

ѝ

Заѝместоимениямиѝthisthatѝследуетѝсуществительноеѝвѝединственномѝ числе.ѝЭтиѝместоименияѝтакжеѝмогутѝупотреблятьсяѝсамостоятельно,ѝ безѝсуществительных:ѝ

This/thatѝruleѝisѝclear.ѝЭто/тоѝправилоѝпонятно.ѝ Iѝknowѝthis.ѝЯѝзнаюѝэто.ѝ

Whoѝisѝthat?ѝКтоѝэто?ѝ

These/thoseѝrulesѝareѝclear.ѝЭти/теѝправилаѝпонятны.ѝ

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Exercise 1 Translate these sentences into English.

1.ѝЭтотѝчеловекѝнеѝоченьѝчестный.ѝ

2.ѝМнеѝнравитсяѝэтотѝпредмет.ѝ

3.ѝЭтотѝэкзаменѝоченьѝтрудный.ѝ

4.ѝОнѝстудентѝэтогоѝуниверситета.ѝ

5.ѝЭтиѝмолодыеѝлюдиѝстуденты.ѝ

6.ѝЭтаѝмашинаѝгорит!ѝ

7.ѝТеѝлюдиѝвызвалиѝполицию.ѝ

8.ѝЭтотѝполицейскийѝспасалѝпассажировѝгорящейѝмашины.ѝ 9.ѝЭтоѝсвидетелиѝтойѝаварии.ѝ(witnessesѝ—ѝсвидетели)ѝ 10.ѝТаѝмашинаѝпотерпелаѝаварию.ѝ

Exercise 2 a. Study the following ranks.

Captѝ

Captainѝ

Colѝ

Colonelѝ

Cplѝ

Corporalѝ

Genѝ

Generalѝ

Ltѝ

Lieutenantѝ

Majѝ

Majorѝ

Sgtѝ

Sergeantѝ

ѝ

ѝ

B. Discuss these questions.

1.Doѝ weѝ haveѝ theѝ correspondingѝ ranksѝ inѝ ourѝ militiaѝ andѝ Armedѝ Forces?ѝ

2.Wouldѝyouѝlikeѝtoѝmakeѝaѝcareerѝinѝlawѝenforcement?ѝDoѝyouѝwantѝtoѝ beѝaѝgeneral?ѝ

3.Isѝitѝeasyѝtoѝbeѝpromotedѝtoѝtheѝrankѝofѝaѝgeneral?ѝ

4.Whatѝqualitiesѝareѝnecessaryѝforѝaѝsuccessfulѝcareerѝinѝlawѝenforcement?ѝ

Exercise 3 Translate these sentences into English.

1.Яѝвсеѝвидел!ѝГрабительѝ(theѝrobber)ѝвышелѝизѝчернойѝмашины,ѝ перешелѝдорогуѝиѝвошелѝтоѝздание.ѝ

2.Капитанѝходилѝпоѝкомнате,ѝобдумываяѝпроблему.ѝѝ

3.Идиѝпоѝэтойѝтропинкеѝчерезѝлес,ѝиѝчерезѝчасѝподойдешьѝкѝреке.ѝ

4.Оперативникиѝопросилиѝвсехѝвѝэтомѝрайоне.ѝОниѝхотелиѝнайтиѝ свидетелейѝтойѝаварии.ѝ

5.Малолетнийѝправонарушительѝ(juvenileѝoffender)ѝперепрыгнулѝчерезѝзаборѝиѝпобежалѝпоѝулице,ѝпотомѝповернулѝзаѝуголѝиѝисчез.ѝ

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6.Пройдитеѝпрямоѝпоѝкоридору,ѝповернитеѝзаѝугол.ѝКабинетѝге- нералаѝ—ѝвѝконцеѝкоридора.ѝ

7.Черезѝ5ѝминутѝвсеѝужеѝсиделиѝвѝзалеѝиѝслушалиѝдокладѝминистра.ѝ Министрѝговорилѝоѝтом,ѝкакѝважнаѝдляѝмилицииѝпомощьѝграждан.ѝ

8.Этиѝмолодыеѝлейтенантыѝ—ѝнашиѝвыпускники.ѝ

Exercise 4 Reproduce the following text in English. Use a dictionary to look up the words you do not know.

Людская отвага

Начальникѝ УВДѝ г.ѝ Москвыѝ вручилѝ студентуѝ московскогоѝ вузаѝ СергеюѝИвановуѝценныйѝподарокѝиѝблагодарностьѝзаѝпомощьѝвѝ раскрытииѝпреступления.ѝ

Именноѝ благодаряѝ Сергеюѝ былѝ задержанѝ преступник,ѝ которыйѝ укралѝизѝцерковногоѝмагазинаѝвѝодномѝизѝрайоновѝМосквыѝзолотыеѝиѝсеребряныеѝизделия.ѝ

ВѝкритическойѝситуацииѝСергейѝпоступилѝкакѝгерой.ѝОнѝуслышалѝ крикиѝоѝпомощиѝиѝбросилсяѝнаѝвыручку.ѝЮношаѝпопыталсяѝостановитьѝпреступника,ѝноѝтотѝнеѝсобиралсяѝсдаватьсяѝиѝнесколькоѝ разѝударилѝСергея,ѝначаласьѝборьба.ѝНоѝнаѝпомощьѝСергеюѝподоспелиѝмилиционеры.ѝѝ

«Последнееѝвремяѝгражданеѝчастоѝпомогаютѝмилицииѝвѝпоискеѝиѝ задержанииѝпреступников»,ѝ—ѝсказалѝначальникѝУВД.ѝ—ѝ«Примерѝ томуѝ —ѝ нашѝ сегодняшнийѝ герой,ѝ двадцатилетнийѝ Сергейѝ Иванов».ѝ

Радуетѝто,ѝчтоѝестьѝлюди,ѝнеравнодушныеѝкѝчужойѝбеде.ѝВедьѝино- гдаѝдляѝтого,ѝчтобыѝспастиѝчью-тоѝжизнь,ѝдостаточноѝвсегоѝлишьѝ набратьѝ«02».ѝ

Over to you

Comment on the Arabian proverb, «Bravery without intelligence is not bravery». Do you agree with this idea? Write a paragraph expressing your opinion.

51

Lesson 4

LAW ENFORCEMENT EDUCATION

«An investment in knowledge always pays the best interest»

Benjamin Franklin (1706—1790), one of the Founding Fathers of the USA

Starting up

Study the following

lawѝ

lawѝenforcementѝ

lawfulѝ

lawyerѝ

1)ѝзаконѝѝ

1)ѝправовоеѝприну-

законныйѝ

юрист;ѝадвокатѝѝ

justѝlawѝ—ѝсправед-

ждение;ѝправопри-

ѝ

practicingѝlawyerѝ

ливыйѝзаконѝ

менение;ѝпримене-

lawѝandѝorderѝ

практикующийѝ

unwrittenѝlawѝ—ѝне-

ниеѝзаконаѝѝ

правопорядокѝ

юрист,ѝадвокатѝѝ

писаныйѝзаконѝѝ

2)ѝобеспечениеѝпра-

 

 

вопорядка;ѝдеятель-

 

 

2)ѝправо;ѝправове-

 

 

ностьѝправоохрани-

 

 

дение,ѝюриспру-

тельныхѝоргановѝ

 

 

денцияѝ

 

 

ѝ

 

 

3)ѝпрофессияѝюри-

 

 

стаѝѝ

law-enforcementѝпра-

 

 

воохранительныйѝ

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise 1 Translate these examples into Russian.

1.Itѝisѝagainstѝtheѝlawѝtoѝsmokeѝinѝaѝlift.ѝ

2.Thereѝareѝlawsѝagainstѝdrinkingѝinѝtheѝstreet.ѝ

3.She'sѝgoingѝtoѝstudyѝlawѝatѝUniversity.ѝ

4.Allѝcitizensѝareѝequalѝbeforeѝtheѝlaw

5.Sheѝisѝlawfulѝownerѝofѝtheѝproperty.ѝ

6.Inѝitsѝearlyѝdays,ѝtheѝAmericanѝWestѝwasѝfullѝofѝlawlessѝmen.ѝ

7.Lawѝenforcementѝagencyѝisѝanѝagencyѝresponsibleѝforѝinsuringѝobedienceѝtoѝtheѝlaws.ѝ

8.Ifѝyouѝwantѝtoѝmakeѝyourѝwillѝ(завещание),ѝconsultѝaѝlawyer

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Exercise 2 Read and translate these words.

captainѝ

toѝincludeѝ

concernedѝ

computerѝ

colonelѝ

justiceѝ

countryѝ

practiceѝ

correspondenceѝ

dictionaryѝ

detectiveѝ

correctionalѝ

educationѝ

curriculumѝ

activityѝ

currentѝ

correctѝ

commonѝ

certainѝ

completeѝ

publicѝ

criminalѝ

collegeѝ

policeѝ

Exercise 3 Form the plural of these words.

chanceѝ

bureauѝ

lawyerѝ

agentѝ

systemѝ

gymnasiumѝ

passengerѝ

dictionaryѝ

partyѝ

sergeantѝ

degreeѝ

ministerѝ

rankѝ

serviceѝ

sentenceѝ

questionѝ

answerѝ

scienceѝ

Exercise 4 Make these word combinations plural.

thisѝtea-cupѝ thisѝwomanѝ aѝheroѝ ourѝgymnasiumѝ

thatѝcityѝ thisѝpoliceѝ thisѝdiagnosisѝ thisѝmemorandumѝ

thatѝfreshmanѝ thisѝmatrixѝ thatѝlibraryѝ theirѝchildѝ

Exercise 5 Translate from Russian into English.

а)ѝчерезѝ2ѝдня;ѝсѝпрошлогоѝгода;ѝвечером;ѝзимой;ѝкѝзавтрашнемуѝ дню;ѝвѝдвадцатьѝминутѝтретьего;ѝчерезѝдорогу;ѝпоѝулице;ѝнадѝстолом;ѝпередѝдомом;ѝсѝутраѝдоѝвечера;ѝсредиѝдрузей;ѝзаѝгаражом;ѝчерезѝлес;ѝписатьѝручкой;ѝпамятникѝПушкину;ѝнижеѝнуляѝ

б)ѝ1.ѝОнѝперешелѝчерезѝдорогуѝиѝвошелѝвѝзданиеѝинститута.ѝ

ѝѝѝѝѝ2.ѝОнаѝходилаѝпоѝкомнате.ѝ

ѝѝѝѝѝ3.ѝМыѝокончимѝуниверситетѝчерезѝ4ѝгода.ѝ

ѝѝѝѝѝ4.ѝДнемѝяѝзанятѝсѝдвухѝчасовѝдоѝтрех.ѝ

ѝѝѝѝѝ5.ѝПатрульнаяѝмашинаѝпроехалаѝмимоѝбанкаѝиѝповернулаѝзаѝугол.ѝ

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Exercise 6 Complete these sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets.

1.Iѝ___________ѝ(toѝattend)ѝmyѝclassesѝatѝtheѝUniversityѝeveryѝday.ѝ

2.Myѝfatherѝ_____ѝ(toѝwork)ѝasѝaѝdetectiveѝandѝ(toѝretire)ѝtwoѝyearsѝago.ѝ

3.Aѝpolicemanѝ___________ѝ(toѝrescue)ѝtwoѝpeopleѝfromѝaѝburningѝcar.ѝ

4.Someѝpeopleѝ________ѝ(toѝsee)ѝtheѝaccidentѝyesterdayѝandѝ_______ѝ (toѝcall)ѝtheѝpolice.ѝ

5.__________ѝyouѝ(toѝsee)ѝhimѝnextѝSaturday?ѝ

6.Weѝ___________ѝ(toѝtake)ѝtheѝexamsѝinѝthreeѝdays.ѝ

7.Allѝ studentsѝ ____________ѝ (toѝ focus)ѝ onѝ police-relatedѝ sciences,ѝ whenѝtheyѝ(toѝstudy)ѝatѝtheѝPoliceѝAcademy.ѝ

8.Thisѝ yourѝfreshmenѝ_____ѝ (toѝ graduate)ѝfromѝ theѝUniversityѝ inѝ 5ѝ years.ѝ

Grammar: Noun suffixes

(суффиксы существительных)

Многиеѝсуществительные,ѝобозначающиеѝпрофессиюѝилиѝисполни- теляѝкакого-либоѝдействия,ѝаѝтакжеѝприбор,ѝприспособление,ѝобра- зуютсяѝотѝглаголовѝбезѝчастицыѝtoѝсѝпомощьюѝсуффиксаѝ-erѝ

toѝteachѝ—ѝteacherѝѝѝучитьѝ—ѝучитель,ѝпреподавательѝ toѝlearnѝ—ѝlearnerѝѝѝучитьѝ—ѝучащийсяѝ

Exercise 1 Translate these words.

inspectorѝ

operatorѝ

detectorѝ

ѝinformatoryѝ

mixerѝ

photographerѝ

correctorѝ

New-Yorkerѝ

lawyerѝ

prisonerѝ

offenderѝ

embezzlementѝ

ѝ

Многиеѝсуществительныеѝобразуютсяѝотѝглаголовѝбезѝчастицыѝtoѝсѝ помощьюѝ суффиксаѝ -tion.ѝ Вариантыѝ этогоѝ суффикса:ѝ -ation,ѝѝ -cation-sionѝ (discussionѝ -дискуссия,ѝ обсуждение).ѝ Существитель- ныеѝсѝэтимиѝсуффиксами,ѝаѝтакжеѝсѝсуффиксамиѝ-ence,ѝance,ѝобо- значаютѝдействие,ѝпроцесс,ѝсостояние.ѝ

54

Exercise 2 Translate these nouns.

identificationѝ

arbitrationѝ

sanctionѝ

jurisdictionѝ

subordinationѝ

distanceѝ

residenceѝ

correspondenceѝ

allianceѝ

jurisprudenceѝ

licenseѝ

influenceѝ

financeѝ

ambulanceѝ

importanceѝ

conferenceѝ

ѝ

Существительныеѝ сѝ суффиксомѝ -ityѝ имеютѝ значениеѝ состояния,ѝ положения,ѝсвойства,ѝкачестваѝ(equalityѝ—ѝравенство)ѝ

Exercise 3 Translate these nouns.

stabilityѝ

realityѝ

identityѝ

individualityѝ

popularityѝ

regularityѝ

activityѝ

criminalityѝ

responsibilityѝ

legalityѝ

authenticityѝ

formalityѝ

quantityѝ

radioactivityѝ

quantityѝ

nationalityѝ

ѝ

Существительныеѝ сѝ суффиксомѝ -mentѝ обозначаютѝ действиеѝ илиѝ событиеѝ(movementѝ—ѝдвижение)ѝ

Exercise 4 Translate these nouns.

 

 

governmentѝ

developmentѝ

appointmentѝ

improvementѝ

establishmentѝ

achievementѝ

agreementѝ

punishmentѝ

confinementѝ

infringementѝ

judgmentѝ

harassmentѝ

Exercise 5 Make the corresponding verbs from these nouns.

writerѝ

doerѝ

readerѝ

travelerѝ

translatorѝ

investigatorѝ

robberѝ

constructorѝ

Exercise 6 Make the corresponding nouns using one of the suffixes above. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.

toѝworkѝ toѝmanageѝ toѝadministrateѝ toѝgovernѝ

toѝinvestigateѝ toѝqualifyѝ toѝincludeѝ ѝtoѝrecruitѝ

toѝassistѝ toѝapplyѝ toѝeducateѝ toѝachieveѝ

toѝassociateѝ toѝenforceѝ toѝformѝѝ toѝappointѝ

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