Word formation: Prefixes (приставки)

Вѝанглийскомѝязыкеѝчастоѝиспользуютсяѝприставкиѝ(prefixes)ѝre-,ѝ sub-,ѝinter-,ѝover-,ѝunder-ѝ,ѝкоторыеѝимеютѝследующиеѝзначения:ѝ

re-ѝповторностьѝдействияѝ(toѝrewriteѝпереписать)ѝ sub-ѝподѝ(toѝsubdivideѝподразделять)ѝ inter-ѝмеждуѝ(internationalѝмеждународный)ѝ over-ѝсверх,ѝчрезмерноѝ(overactivityѝчрезмернаяѝактивность)ѝ

under-недостаточность,ѝнеполнотаѝдействияѝ(underpayѝнедоплачи-

вать)ѝ

Exercise 1 Read and translate these words into Russian.

Reading

Before you read, answer these questions.

1.ѝWhenѝwasѝAmericaѝdiscovered?ѝ 2.ѝWhatѝwasѝtheѝfirstѝstateѝofѝtheѝUS?ѝ 3.ѝWhatѝisѝtheѝoldestѝbigѝcityѝinѝtheѝUS?ѝ 4.ѝWhatѝwasѝtheѝfirstѝnameѝofѝNewѝYork?ѝ

5.ѝWhatѝisѝtheѝnameѝofѝtheѝregionѝwhereѝtheѝoldestѝAmericanѝstatesѝareѝѝ

ѝѝѝѝsituated?ѝ

ѝ

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Exercise 1 Read the text and complete the profile of the country below.

General information about the USA

TheѝterritoryѝofѝtheѝUnitedѝStatesѝofѝAmericaѝstretchesѝfromѝtheѝAtlanticѝcoast,ѝacrossѝtheѝcentralѝplains,ѝoverѝtheѝRockyѝMountainsѝtoѝtheѝ

foundedѝinѝ1776.ѝTheѝConstitutionѝwasѝadoptedѝinѝ1787.ѝSinceѝthenѝmoreѝ thenѝ25ѝamendmentsѝtoѝtheѝConstitutionѝhaveѝbeenѝmade.ѝTheѝfirstѝtenѝ amendmentsѝareѝknownѝasѝtheѝBillѝofѝRights.ѝTheѝConstitutionѝdefinesѝaѝ federalѝsystemѝofѝgovernment.ѝCertainѝpowersѝareѝgivenѝtoѝtheѝnationalѝorѝ federalѝgovernmentѝandѝallѝotherѝpowersѝbelongѝtoѝtheѝstates.ѝ AtѝpresentѝtheѝUnitedѝStatesѝofѝAmericaѝisѝaѝfederalѝrepublic,ѝconsistingѝ ofѝfiftyѝstatesѝeachѝofѝwhichѝhasѝitsѝownѝstateѝgovernment,ѝitsѝownѝpoliceѝ andѝitsѝownѝlaws.ѝ

TheѝPresidentѝisѝtheѝheadѝofѝtheѝcountry;ѝheѝappointsѝtheѝministersѝandѝtheѝ membersѝofѝhisѝcabinetѝformingѝtheѝexecutiveѝpower.ѝTheѝlegislativeѝpowerѝisѝ vestedѝinѝtheѝCongress,ѝconsistingѝofѝtwoѝchambers:ѝtheѝSenateѝandѝtheѝHouseѝofѝ Representatives.ѝMembersѝofѝ theѝ Houseѝofѝ RepresentativesѝareѝcalledѝCongressmenѝandѝCongresswomen.ѝMembersѝofѝtheѝSenateѝareѝcalledѝSenators.ѝѝ

Countryѝprofileѝ

Name:ѝѝ __________________________________ѝ Territory:ѝѝ ________________________________ѝ Capital:ѝѝ _________________________________ѝ Typeѝofѝgovernment:ѝѝ _______________________ѝ Headѝofѝstate:ѝѝ _____________________________ѝ Officialѝlanguage:ѝѝ___________________________ѝ

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Exercise 2 Insert appropriate prepositions and translate the sentences.

1.TheѝUSAѝstretchesѝ___ѝtheѝAtlanticѝcoastѝ___ѝtheѝislandѝofѝHawaii.ѝ

2.___ѝpresentѝtheѝpopulationѝofѝtheѝUSAѝisѝaboutѝ290ѝmillionѝpeople.ѝ

3.TheѝUSAѝwasѝfoundedѝ___1776ѝandѝtheѝConstitutionѝwasѝadoptedѝ

___ѝ1787.ѝ

4.Sinceѝ thenѝ moreѝ thanѝ 25ѝamendmentsѝ ___ѝ theѝ Constitutionѝ haveѝ beenѝmade.ѝ

5.Someѝpowersѝhaveѝbeenѝgivenѝ___ѝtheѝFederalѝgovernment,ѝothersѝ

___ѝtheѝstateѝgovernments.ѝ

6.Theѝcountryѝconsistsѝ___ѝfiftyѝstatesѝandѝtheѝDistrictѝofѝColumbia.ѝ

7.TheѝPresidentѝisѝtheѝheadѝ___ѝtheѝexecutiveѝpower.ѝ

8.Theѝlegislativeѝpowerѝisѝvestedѝ___ѝtheѝCongress.ѝ

Exercise 3 Answer these questions.

1.Whenѝwasѝtheѝcountryѝfounded?ѝ

2.WhenѝwasѝtheѝConstitutionѝadopted?ѝ

3.WhoѝheadsѝtheѝexecutiveѝpowerѝinѝtheѝStates?ѝ

4.HowѝmanyѝstatesѝmakeѝtheѝUnitedѝStatesѝofѝAmerica?ѝ

5.WhatѝareѝtheѝtwoѝchambersѝofѝtheѝCongress?ѝ

Exercise 4 Retell the text using the profile.

Reading

Before you read, answer these questions.

1.WhoѝisѝtheѝpresidentѝofѝtheѝUSѝnow?ѝ

2.Whenѝwasѝheѝelected?ѝ

Exercise 1 Read the text.

US President

PresidentѝofѝtheѝUnitedѝStatesѝisѝtheѝheadѝofѝstateѝandѝheadѝofѝgovernmentѝofѝtheѝUnitedѝStates.ѝTheѝPresidentѝleadsѝtheѝexecutiveѝbranchѝofѝ theѝfederalѝgovernmentѝandѝisѝoneѝofѝonlyѝtwoѝnationally-electedѝfederalѝ officersѝ(theѝotherѝisѝtheѝViceѝPresidentѝofѝtheѝUnitedѝStates).ѝ

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Theѝ U.S.ѝ Constitutionѝ chargesѝ theѝ Presidentѝ toѝ executeѝ federalѝ law,ѝ makesѝtheѝPresidentѝcommander-in-chiefѝofѝtheѝarmedѝforces,ѝallowsѝ theѝPresidentѝtoѝnominateѝexecutiveѝandѝjudicialѝofficersѝwithѝtheѝadviceѝ andѝconsentѝofѝtheѝSenate,ѝandѝallowsѝtheѝPresidentѝtoѝgrantѝpardonsѝorѝ reprieves.ѝTheѝPresidentѝappointsѝfederalѝjudgesѝandѝambassadorsѝandѝ governmentѝofficials.ѝHeѝalsoѝassignsѝdutiesѝtoѝtheѝelectedѝViceѝPresident.ѝ

TheѝPresidentѝisѝelectedѝbyѝtheѝpeopleѝindirectlyѝthroughѝtheѝElectoralѝ Collegeѝtoѝaѝfour-yearѝterm.ѝSinceѝ1951,ѝPresidentsѝhaveѝbeenѝlimitedѝtoѝ twoѝtermsѝbyѝtheѝTwenty-secondѝAmendmentѝtoѝtheѝConstitution.ѝHeѝ mustѝbeѝaѝnativeѝbornѝcitizenѝofѝatѝleastѝ35ѝyearsѝold.ѝ

Exercise 2 Find in the text the English equivalents for these words and word combinations.

главаѝгосударства;ѝявлятьсяѝглавойѝисполнительнойѝвласти;ѝизбиратьѝ общенациональнымѝ голосованием;ѝ возлагатьѝ обязанности;ѝ верховныйѝглавнокомандующий;ѝвноситьѝкандидатуру;ѝпоѝсогласованиюѝ сѝ Сенатом;ѝ назначатьѝ послов;ѝ Коллегияѝ выборщиков;ѝ уроженец;ѝограничитьѝдвумяѝсрокамиѝ

Exercise 3 Complete these sentences.

1.ѝTheѝPresidentѝisѝtheѝheadѝofѝѝ ___________________________ѝ 2.ѝTheѝPresidentѝleadsѝѝ ___________________________________ѝ 3.ѝTheѝPresidentѝisѝoneѝofѝonlyѝtwoѝѝ _________________________ѝ 4.ѝTheѝPresidentѝisѝtoѝnominateѝѝ ____________________________ѝ 5.ѝTheѝPresidentѝisѝtoѝgrantѝѝ _______________________________ѝ 6.ѝTheѝPresidentѝappointsѝѝ _________________________________ѝ 7.ѝTheѝPresidentѝisѝelectedѝbyѝ ѝ____________________________ѝ 8.ѝHeѝmustѝbeѝѝ __________________________________________ѝ

Exercise 4 Answer these questions.

1.WhatѝareѝtheѝfunctionsѝofѝtheѝPresidentѝinѝtheѝUSA?ѝCompareѝtheѝ functionsѝtoѝthoseѝofѝtheѝRussianѝPresident.ѝѝ

2.WhatѝisѝtheѝtermѝofѝserviceѝforѝtheѝAmericanѝPresident?ѝAreѝthereѝanyѝ limitations?ѝ

3.WhatѝareѝtheѝmainѝrequirementsѝforѝtheѝPresidentѝtoѝbeѝelected?ѝ

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