менгардт английский для техн вузов

1.20.Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb to have (got).

1.My husband and I … sometimes … a lot of problems.

2.When I was younger, I … a lot of friends, but now I … any.

3.I think we … a new house next year.

4.They … a son and two daughters.

5.He … enough money five years ago, but now he … much.

6.Our children … dark brown hair.

7.When he was seventeen, he … a motorbike, but now he … an expensive car.

8.I am sure I … a modern computer in three years’ time.

1.21.Translate the following sentences into English.

1.У них трое детей: два сына и дочь.

2.Я уверен, что через два года у меня будет новый дом.

3.У нас много проблем.

4.Когда Питер был молодым, у него были темные волосы.

5.У тебя есть собака? – Нет, у меня кошка.

6.У него есть автомобиль? – Да.

1.22.Choose the correct answer to the following questions.

1.What’s your first name?

3.Where are you from?

a) I’m from Russia. b) I’m American. c) I’m an artist.

4.Are you married?

21

1.23. Read the dialogue.

1.24. Choose the correct answer.

22

1.25.Work in pairs. Ask and answer the following questions, then report your answers to the class.

1.What is your first name and surname?

2.Where and when were you born?

3.How old are you?

4.What’s your job?

5.What’s your address?

6.What’s your phone number?

7.What are you like?

8.Are you married or single?

9.Have you got a large family?

10.Is your family friendly?

11.Have you got any sisters or brothers?

12.How many relatives have you got? What are their names?

1.26.Talk about the person you know well. Think about the following:

23

1.27. Complete Vladislav’s letter to a penfriend using the cues.

Hello my unknown friend,

I … Vladislav, Vlad for short. Vladislav … my … name and Komarov is my … . I … Russian. I am 18. Now I am a first-year … (студент) of Tomsk State University. I am not … (женат) yet, but I … got a … (подруга). … name … Natasha. She … a student too. She is not … (высокая), … (довольно) fair and very … (хорошенькая).

Some words about my parents. My … (мать) is a … (учительница) of English. … is forty-four. She is tall and … (стройная). She is a quite … (симпатичная) woman. My … (отец) is a computer programmer. … is tall and … (темноволосый), very strong and … (умный). My … (сестра), Vera is … (замужем). She is a … (врач). Her … (муж), Ivan is an … (инженер). They … got two children: a … (дочь) and a … (сын). Their daughter, Dasha is four and their son, Igor … two.

We … got a lot of relatives: … (дяди), … (тети) and … (двоюродные братья и сестры). We are a friendly … (семья).

What about you?

…is your name? … old are you? … is your job? … you married?

…you … any sisters or brothers?

Please, write me soon.

Best wishes,

Vlad.

1.28. Read the text.

BILL GATES

William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American entrepreneur, philanthropist and chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen.

Gates was born and grew up in Seattle, Washington USA. His father, William H. Gates II was a Seattle attorney and his mother, Mary Maxwell Gates was a school teacher and chairperson of the United Way charity. Gates and his two sisters attended the exclusive secondary “Lakeside School” and had a comfortable upbringing.

Bill Gates started studying at Harvard University in 1973 where he met up with Paul Allen. Gates and Allen worked on a version of the programming language BASIC that was the basis for the MITS Altair (the first microcomputer available). He did not go on to graduate from Harvard University as he left in his junior year to start what was

24

to become the largest computer software company in the world – Microsoft Corporation.

In 1975, the company Microsoft was formed, which was an abbreviation of microcomputer software. It soon became simply “Microsoft”® and went on to completely change the way people use computers. Microsoft helped to make the computer easier to use with its developed and purchased software, and made it a commercial success. The success of Microsoft began with the MS-DOS computer operating system that Gates licensed to IBM. The Microsoft monopoly sets about completely dominating every market it enters through acquisition, aggressive business tactics or a combination of them. Many of the largest technology companies have fought legally against the actions of Microsoft, including Apple Computer, Netscape, Opera, WordPerfect, and Sun Microsystems.

Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution. Although he is widely admired, his business tactics have been criticized as anti-competitive and in some instances ruled as such in court. Since amassing his fortune, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000.

In March 2005, William H. Gates received an “honorary” knighthood from the queen of England. Gates was bestowed with the KBE Order (Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire) for his services in reducing poverty and improving health in the developing countries of the world.

Bill Gates continues to play a very active role in the workings of the Microsoft Company, but has handed the position of CEO over to Steve Ballmer. Gates now holds the positions of chairman and chief software architect and remains the largest individual shareholder with more than 8% of the common stock. The annual Forbes magazine’s list of The World’s Billionaires has ranked Gates as the richest person in the world from 1995 to 2006, with recent estimates putting his net worth near $56 billion. When family wealth is considered, his family ranks second behind the Walton family, heirs of Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. In July 2007, Fortune Magazine reported that the increase in value of Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim’s holdings of stock caused him to surpass Bill Gates as the world’s richest man. Forbes however maintains that Carlos Slim Helú is still placed second to Bill Gates as of its last calculation billionaire fortunes. Forbes does not plan to recalculate Carlos Slim Helú’s wealth until next year.

Bill Gates lives near Lake Washington with his wife Melinda French Gates and their three children. Interests of Gates include reading, golf and playing bridge.

1.29. Match the following words and expressions with their equivalents.

25

1.30.Answer the following questions.

1.When and where was Bill Gates born?

2.What were his parents?

3.Did he graduate from Harvard University?

4.When was the company Microsoft formed?

5.What did the success of Microsoft begin with?

6.What companies have fought legally against the actions of Microsoft?

7.What year was Bill Gates bestowed with the KBE Order?

8.Which positions does Bill Gates hold now?

9.Who is the richest person in the world: William Henry Gates III or Carlos Slim Helú?

10.What are Bill Gates’s interests?

1.31.Read the following international words and notice their pronunciation.

26

1.33. Divide the following nouns into four columns.

Actor, electrician, body, photographer, half, actress, waiter, camera, secretary, watch, chair, kiss, country, table, tomato, uncle, daughter, radio, piano, loaf, party, photo, shelf, fox, lady, solo, phone, key, studio, life, handkerchief, bench.

Table 1.11

Irregular Plurals

a man – men, a woman – women

a tooth – teeth, a goose – geese, a foot – feet a mouse – mice, a louse – lice

an ox – oxen, a child – children

a person – people

an aircraft – aircraft, a sheep – sheep, a swine – swine, a fish – fish, a deer – deer

an analysis – analyses, a basis – bases, a crisis – crises, a thesis – theses, a criterion – criteria, a datum – data, a phenomenon – phenomena

1.34. Point out the nouns which have irregular plural form.

Boy, girl, postman, aunt, mother, nephew, parent, businesswoman, uncle, cousin, person, brother, grandmother, daughter, wife, father, niece, grandfather, man, child, husband, son, ox, police, luggage, swine, basis, advice, tooth.

28

1.35. Write plural form of the following nouns.

A person – … , a businessman – … , a policewoman – … , a child – … , a tooth – … , a goose – … , a foot – … , a mouse – … , an analysis – … , a fish – …, an aircraft – … , a sheep – … , a country – … , a tomato – … , a photo – … , an actress – … , а camera – … , a life – … .

Table 1.12

Possessive Case: formation and examples

Diana’s brother (= the brother of Diana) but:

Diana and Richard’s brother ( = brother of Diana and Richard) She is Dan’s girlfriend = She is his girlfriend.

his son’s name = the name of his son his sons’ names = the names of his sons

But: his children’s names = the names of his children

1.36. Look at the family tree and complete the sentences below.

Family tree

Dave Sally

29

1.37.Complete the following sentences with the right possessive form of the nouns in brackets, as in the model.

Model: – She is his girlfriend. (Rob)

–She is Rob’s girlfriend.

1.It is her book. (Helen)

2.This boy is their son. (Richard and Anna)

3.These are her glasses. (my grandmother)

4.His studio is very large. (the photographer)

5.Their parents are teachers. (Diana and Bob)

Table 1.13

Differences between possessive -’s(’), plural -s and contraction -’s

1.38.Choose the sentences with the short form of the verb to be.

1.Andrew’s married.

2.Paul and Jack’s mother is an engineer.

3.Kate’s doctor is from the USA.

4.Antonia’s her sister.

5.Our secretary’s room is not far from here.

6.Her children’s names are Pete and Steve.

7.My sister’s very pretty.

8.Dess’s son is not intelligent at all.

9.The woman’s a widow.

10.Your sister’s flat is dark.

1.39.Complete the following sentences with plural -s, possessive -’s (’) or contraction -’s.

1.Jane is Sam… wife.

2.I’ve got three daughter… .

30