менгардт английский для техн вузов

13.13.Read the following sentences and decide if they are true (T) or false (F).

1.The first thing to do in setting up any business is to persuade a person with the capital to become a partner.

2.There are some forms of ‘security’ for the loan the person can take in a bank.

3.The only possible source in setting up any business is personal savings.

4.You have to convince the bank authorities that the proposed business will succeed.

5.One of the advantages in taking on a partner is that the capital would be interest-free.

6.The most obvious source of finance in setting up any business is leasing.

7.There is always an advantage that you won’t have to return money if you take on a partner.

8.Taking a loan in a bank is the best way of setting up any business.

13.14.Match the words in columns A and B to make the expressions.

13.15.Write some sentences of your own using expressions from exercise 13.14.

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13.16.Choose the correct question for the following answers.

1.The most obvious source of finance is personal savings.

a)What is the most obvious source of finance?

b)Are personal savings the most obvious source of finance?

2.Yes, there are. There are some sources of capital which can be considered by small businessmen.

a)How many sources of capital can be considered by a small businessman?

b)Are there any sources of capital for a small businessman?

3.Capital can sometimes be obtained in the form of loans from friends, neighbors or relatives.

a)How can capital be sometimes obtained?

b)How can relatives and friends help in setting up any business?

4.Yes, there are. A loan is usually for fixed, clearly stated period.

a)Are there any restrictions for the loan in a bank?

b)Is there a stated period for the loan?

5.There is a paid-up life assurance policy, a mortgage on a house or a pledge of reasonably valuable personal possessions.

a)What forms of “security” are there in a bank?

b)What can banks do if the loan is not repaid?

6.Leasing means renting.

a)Does leasing mean renting?

b)What does leasing mean?

7.It is some advice of a professional banker or a lawyer.

a)What should be taken into account regarding the sources of finance for any business?

b)Are there any lawyers in a bank who can consult you in setting up any business?

8.No, it doesn’t. Economics doesn’t normally include such things as personal finance.

a)What does economics refer to?

b)Does economics refer to such things as personal finance?

9.One of the advantages of an owner using his own money is that all the profits will be his.

a)What is the advantage of a bank owner in setting up any business?

b)What is the advantage of an owner using his own money?

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10.It is necessary to convince the bank that the proposed business is likely to be succeed.

a)What is it necessary to do in taking a loan?

b)Does the bank have to convince a person to start business?

13.17.Choose the correct variant and complete the following sentences.

13.18. Match the beginnings and ends of the following sentences.

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13.19.Choose the correct answer to the following questions.

1.What aspects does the amount of capital needed depend upon?

a)It depends upon the future interest and an owner’s job.

b)It depends upon the type of business and how large it is going to be.

c)It depends upon the calculation of all the expenses.

2.What is the source of capital that can’t be considered by small businessmen?

a)It is taking on a partner.

b)It is interest-free capital.

c)It is a loan from a bank.

3.In what form can be the capital sometimes obtained?

a)The capital can be obtained in the form of interest.

b)The capital can be obtained in the form of loans from friends.

c)The capital can be obtained in the form of loans from bankers.

4. What form of “security” doesn’t the bank take for the loan?

a)It is a mortgage on a house.

b)It is a pledge of valuable personal possessions.

c)It is a paid-up work assurance policy.

5. Whose advice should be taken into consideration in setting up any business?

a)It is some advice of friends and relatives.

b)It is some professional advice of a lawyer.

c)It is some advice of a bank secretary.

13.20.Complete the following sentences with the correct preposition from the box.

1.Adam Smith was a great scientist who made extraordinary contribution … economics.

2.Macroeconomics is a branch … economics that studies the economy as a whole.

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3.The scope of economics is indicated … the facts with which it deals.

4.This month a rate … inflation is high.

5.The market economy allocates products and resources through the market … the government control.

6.“Profit” in every day life means money gained … business.

7.A lot…… public money has been used by the company.

8.Finance … working capital can be obtained from a variety of sources.

9.Like psychology, economics draws much of its theoretical core … intuition.

10.The amount of capital needed depends … the type of business.

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Unit 14. SOCIAL WORK IN RUSSIA

14.1.Work in pairs. Discuss the answers to the following questions.

1.What do you know about the scope of social work?

2.Which things does a social work profession promote?

3.What are the major priorities of social policy in Russia?

4.Is Russia a social state?

5.What are the main aims of social work in Russia?

6.Are there any social protection measures in Russia?

7.Is the social work profession necessary in Russia? Why? Why not?

8.What kind of help do disabled people need?

9.Do you have to be responsible to do the social work?

10.Is reforming of the social protection system necessary in Russia?

14.2.Read the following words and expressions and pay attention to their meanings.

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14.3.Read the text “Social Work in Russia” and check your answers to the questions from exercise 14.1.

SOCIAL WORK IN RUSSIA

The social work profession promotes social changes, problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. Social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental for social work.

The major priorities of social policy in Russia are the increase of a living standard and investing in people. In accordance with the constitution, Russia is a social state. It has managed to create a basis of social service system, to form necessary premises and conditions for social work development according to the world standards in difficult social economic and financial conditions. The main aims of social policy are:

–the increase of protection of socially vulnerable households that can’t settle social problems and need state help.

–the creation of necessary conditions to provide public availability and acceptable quality of basic social goods.

–the creation of economic conditions that allow the own income to reach higher level of social consumption for able-bodied citizens.

A complex system of social protection measures has been developed which aims at:

–the reduction of a social stress in the society.

–social help to families and independent; to citizens that are in difficult situation, as well as to disabled people.

–adaptation to new social-economic living conditions, social rehabilitation of disabled.

–providing needy people with some support, social service or temporary asylum.

–the creation of an efficient system of rules protecting the interest of minors abandoned by their parents (so-called social orphans), neglected children, and the protection of children’s rights.

The increasing demand in social protection of people is very much connected with crisis occurrences in the economy. Present scope at volume of professional activities in the social sphere depends on difficult social economic situation which is influenced by the scale and directions of services which should be provided to needy people.

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Direction of social work activities, fundamental reconstruction of social-economic and political system and appearance of new social problems determined the necessity of a social worker profession.

There are more than 450,000 social workers and social pedagogues that provide services to veterans, older people, disabled people, families, women and children. Paily social workers help to sort out problems of people that turned out to be in a critical situation, provide them with support, and thus help decrease a social stress in the society. They are people, who aware the responsibility that lies on each of them and on the system as a whole.

In 1991 the Population Social Protection Department of Russian Federation was formed, that joined Labour Department of Russia.

One of the main directions of its work is reforming of the social protection system, working out of approach to provision of rightly addressed social service, priorities and objectives of social policy. The main priorities of social policy are the increase of people’s living standard and investing in people.

One of the central tasks of XXI century population social protection is intensified attention to veterans and children’s needs. Arrangement of social service for these groups of population is of great importance.

14.4. Read the following statements and decide if they are true (T) or false (F).

1.One of the main aims of social policy is creation of economic conditions that allow the own income to reach higher level.

2.A social work profession promotes the social changes, problem solving in relationships between politicians and their environment.

3.Creation of necessary conditions to provide public availability and acceptable quality of basic social goods is the least important aim in social policy.

4.In accordance with the constitution of Russian Federation, it has managed to create a complex system of social protection measures.

5.The appearance of new social problems determined the necessity of profession as a social worker.

6.A complex system of social protection measures aims at intensified attention to veterans and children’s needs.

7.Nothing is being done to form necessary premises and conditions for social work development.

8.The increasing demand in social protection of people is partly connected with crisis occurrences in the economy.

9.The main aim of the Population Social Protection Department is the reforming of social protection system.

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14.5. Use the expressions from the box and complete the following sentences. Then, translate them.

avoid a social crisis in the society.

10. There exists … … … of measures to help sick and disabled people to survive.

14.6. Write the correct question for the following sentences, as in the model.

Model: – There are more than 450,000 social workers in the country. (How many)

– How many social workers are there in the country?

1. They are veterans, orphans and disabled people who need the improving of living conditions more than anyone. (Who)

2. The major priorities of social policy in Russia are the increase of a living standard and investing in people. (What)

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3.The creation of an efficient system of rules protecting the interest of neglected children is of great importance nowadays. (What measure)

4.In 1991 the Population Social Protection Department of Russian Federation was formed. (When)

5.The reforming of the social protection system is a necessary demand because the standard of living is quite low. (Why)

14.7.Match the beginnings and ends of the following sentences.

14.8.Choose the correct answer to the following questions.

1.What is a central task of the XXI century?

a)The central task of the XXI century is a social protection of population.

b)The central task of the XXI is joining the Labor Department.

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