менгардт английский для техн вузов

4.She was having dinner with her family.

5.She was watching a comedy on TV.

6.She was sleeping.

Christian: Hello, Helen!

Helen: Hi, Chris! Did you have a nice weekend?

Christian: Yes, surely. It was great! At about ten in the morning I was trying to get up. Finally, I got up only at eleven. At twelve thirty I was shopping with my mum. We were looking for the sweater for the father. It’s his birthday on Friday. We got home at about three. At a quarter past three there was an interesting film on TV. So I was watching it for two hours. At half past five my cousin Andrew arrived and at six o’clock we were having dinner. My mother is a good cook, you know. Everything was very delicious. At seven I started doing my homework and at eight o’clock I was preparing for the test in Geometry. It is going to be very difficult but I don’t know all the answers. On Sunday I usually go to bed at about ten because I have a lot of work on Monday, so at ten thirty I was reading poems in bed. And you? How was your weekend? Did you go anywhere?

Helen: No, I was keeping home for the whole day. I got up at about eleven. Then, at a quarter past eleven I was having breakfast with my parents. We usually have breakfast together on Sundays. Then I was doing my homework for Monday. History was the most difficult. At about two I decided to clean my room. I was cleaning up for an hour and a half. After that I was helping my mum in the kitchen. It was four thirty already when I was making a cake. At half past six my brother Richard came with his family. I have two pretty nieces, you know. At seven we were having dinner together. They left at nine. Then I was watching TV; a comedy with Denny Devito. And I didn’t notice how I fell asleep. So at eleven o’clock I was sleeping already.

Christian: We had a nice weekend, aren’t we? I am sorry, I must go. Bye, Helen. See you later.

Helen: Bye, Chris.

8.9.Use the times from exercise 8.8 and write a short paragraph about your last weekend.

8.10.Read the text “New York” and match the paragraphs and the headings below.

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NEW YORK

1.New York or New York City (officially The City of New York) is located in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington D.C. and Boston.

2.Although located at about the same latitude as the much warmer European cities of Naples and Madrid, New York has a humid continental climate resulting from prevailing wind patterns that bring cool air from the interior of the North American continent. New York City has cold winters. Spring and Autumn in New York City are erratic, and can range from cold and snowy to hot and humid, although they can also be cold or cool and rainy. Summer in New York City is warm and humid, with temperatures of 32 °C or higher.

3.The building form most closely associated with New York City is the skyscraper. New York City is comprised of five boroughs, an unusual form of government used to administer the five constituent counties that make up the city. The Bronx is New

York City’s northernmost borough. Brooklyn is the city’s most populous borough and was an independent city until 1898. Brooklyn is known for its cultural,

social and ethnic diversity. Manhattan Island is the most densely populated borough and home to most of the city’s skyscrapers, as well as Central Park. The borough is the financial center of the city and contains the headquarters of many major corporations, the United Nations, as well as a number of important universities, and many cultural attractions, including numerous museums, the Broadway theatre district, Greenwich Village, and Madison Square Garden. Queens is geographically the largest borough and the most ethnically diverse county in the United States, and may overtake Brooklyn as the city’s most populous borough due to its growth. Historically a collection of small towns and villages founded by the Dutch, today the borough is largely residential and middle class. The borough annually hosts the U.S. Open tennis tournament and it is also the home to New York City’s two major airports, LaGuardia Airport and John F. Kennedy International Airport. Staten Island is the most suburban in character of the five boroughs one third of which is parkland.

4. “Culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather”, the writer Tom Wolfe has said of New York City. Numerous major American cultural movements began in the city, such as the Harlem Renaissance, which established the African-American literary canon in the United States. The city was the epicenter of jazz in the 1940s, abstract expressionism in the 1950s, and the birthplace of hip hop in the 1970s. Today, New York City is the second largest center for the film industry in the United States. The city has more than 2,000 arts and cultural organizations and more than 500 art galleries of all sizes. Wealthy industrialists in the 19th century built a network of major cultural institutions, such as the famed Carnegie Hall and Metropolitan Museum of Art

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that would become internationally established. In the 1880s New York City theaters on Broadway and along 42nd Street began showcasing a new stage form that came to be known as the Broadway musical.

5.About 40 million foreign and American tourists visit New York City each year. Major destinations include the Empire State Building, Ellis Island, Broadway theatre productions, museums such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and other tourist attractions including Central Park, Washington Square Park, Rockefeller Center, Times Square, the Bronx Zoo, New York Botanical Garden, luxury shopping along Fifth and Madison Avenues.

6.New York is a global center for the television, advertising, music, newspaper and book publishing industries and is also the largest media market in North America (followed by Los Angeles, Chicago, and Toronto). Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers, The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times. Major tabloid newspapers in the city include The New York Daily News and The New York Post.

7.New York City has teams in the four major North American professional sports leagues, each of which also has its headquarters in the city. Baseball is the city’s most closely followed sport. The city’s two current Major League Baseball teams are the New York Yankees and the New York Mets. The city is represented in the National Football League by the New York Jets and New York Giants. The New York Rangers and the New York Islanders represent the city in the National Hockey League. The city’s National Basketball Association team is the New York Knicks and the city’s Women’s National Basketball Association team is the New York Liberty. As a global city, New York supports many events outside these sports. Queens is host of the U.S. Tennis Open, one of the four Grand Slam tournaments. The New York City Marathon is the world’s largest. Boxing is also a very prominent part of the city’s sporting scene, with events like the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves being held at Madison Square Garden each year.

8.New York City is a global hub of international business and commerce and is one of three “command centers” for the world economy (along with London and Tokyo). The city is a major center for finance, insurance, real estate, media and the arts in the United States.

8.11. Match the following words and expressions with their equivalents.

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8.12.Read the text “New York” again and answer the following questions.

1.What is the official name of New York?

2.Where is New York located?

3.What is the weather like in New York in summer?

4.How many boroughs is New York comprised of? What are their names?

5.When was Brooklyn an independent city? What is it known for?

6.Which borough has a lot of parks and gardens?

7.Which borough is the home to New York City’s two major airports, LaGuardia Airport and John F. Kennedy International Airport?

8.Which borough is the financial center of the city and contains the headquarters of many major corporations, the United Nations, as well as a number of important universities, and many cultural attractions?

9.What cultural movements is New York famous for?

10.What are the most popular tourist destinations in New York?

11.What are the names of national daily newspapers in the United States?

12.Which sports are popular in New York?

13.Which sport events does New York support?

14.Would you like to visit New York? Why? Why not?

8.13.Complete the following sentences with the words and expressions from the box.

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1.My native town … … … its cultural institutions and educational establishments.

2.In the local newspaper you can find a lot of job … .

3.A great number of tourists, 200,000 … , visit Rome every year.

4.There are … … to the south-west of the country which are densely populated.

5.The rector of the university pays much attention to sports and always tries to take part in … … … .

6.Our football team … … … the city bank and a lot of fans.

7.There are some … … in the central part of the city such as a National bank, the business supporting banks and others.

8.Central newspapers and some central TV channels have taken a major part of the … … .

9.The World War II monument, a city park and a local museum are …

…… … of the town where I am living now.

10.Tennis is one of the city's most closely followed sport, so … … are always the most spectacular events of the year.

8.14.Read the following international words and notice their pronunciation.

Table 8.2

Past Simple and Past Progressive Tenses

I was discussing some important problems with my boss when the telephone rang.

While I was discussing some important problems with my boss, my telephone rang.

Pat was reading a magazine while Terry was watching TV.

While I was cooking dinner, Kelly came home from work. Mary was walking to the university when she saw a car accident.

When we arrived in the USA, we had dinner with our parents and went to bed early.

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8.15.Choose the correct variant.

1.Laura was doing her homework while / when Fiona was preparing for the test.

2.I was recording a film while / when the video broke down.

3.How fast were you driving when the police was stopping / stopped you?

4.When we came / were coming home, we cooked the dinner.

5.Were you going sightseeing while Tom was visiting / visited his parents?

6.At six p.m. last Monday I was having / had extra English lessons at the language school.

7.I was running in the park when / while it started to snow.

8.What did you do / were you doing when you came home yesterday?

9.Did anybody disturb you while you were talking / talked to the head teacher?

10.It was 6 a.m. when somebody rang / was ringing.

8.16.Complete the following sentences with the past simple or past progressive form of the verb in brackets, as in the model.

Model: – I … in France for eight years. (live)

–I was living in France for eight years.

1.While the children … at school, their mother was doing the shopping. (stay)

2.When Margaret came home, she … the TV. (switch on)

3.When I …, it was raining. (go out)

4.It … outside while we were having supper. (snow)

5.When Sandra came into my office, I … on the phone. (talk)

6.They … while they were studying in London University. (get married)

7.Sally … her leg while she was skating yesterday. (break)

8.When I … John, he was shopping with Angela. (see)

9.When I noticed my boss, I … talking to my group-mates. (stop)

10.It was a nice evening, so she … home from work. (walk)

8.17.Read the following situations and answer the questions below.

Kelly was having breakfast in the kitchen when she heard a crash. She

looked out of the window and decided to call for the ambulance.

1.What was Kelly doing when she heard a crash?

2.What did Kelly do when she looked out of the window?

Fred was in the laboratory, doing his laboratory work, when he saw a strange man getting into the next classroom. He ran out of the laboratory and told the laboratory assistant about it.

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1.What was Fred doing when he saw a strange man?

2.What was a strange man doing when Fred saw him?

3.What did Fred do when he ran out of the laboratory?

8.18.Work in pairs. Discuss the answers to the following questions.

1.What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night?

2.What were your group-mates doing when you got to the university this morning?

3.What did you do when you got to the university this morning?

4.Were you listening to the teacher attentively during the first pair of lessons?

5.What did you do when you came home yesterday?

6.What was your family (room-mates) doing when you came home yesterday?

7.Did anybody phone you while you were having lunch yesterday?

8.What did you do when you finish your homework yesterday?

9.What were your parents doing while you were having lessons at the university?

10.What were you talking about when your mother phoned you?

Table 8.3

Past Perfect Tense

He went shopping after he had written a letter to his parents. We had done the homework before we played chess.

She had not (hadn’t) finished cooking dinner when her parents came.

They had not (hadn’t) opened the books before the teacher came in the classroom.

Had he made the appointment with the dentist when he came back from work?

– Yes, he had. / No, he hadn’t.

Had you phoned your friends before you decided not to go to the cinema?

– Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t.

What had they already done when I phoned them yesterday?

– They had done their homework and had cooked dinner.

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8.19. Complete the following sentences with the past perfect form of the verb in brackets, as in the model.

Model: – Jim went out for coffee after he … the article. (write)

–Jim went out for coffee after he had written the article.

1.I … cooking when my parents came to visit me. (not finish)

2.Angela was excited because she … to Paris before. (not be)

3.They were tired after they … the game. (win)

4.The match … when they arrived at the stadium. (start)

5.We … dinner, then we were watching TV. (finish)

6.Daniel received the university grant because he … the best course project. (make)

7.Terry’s parents bought him a flat just after he … from the university. (graduate)

8.I … Chinese food before I started working in China. (not eat)

9.Ben … the article several times before he understood it. (read)

10.After my father …, he was reading a newspaper. (have a bath)

Table 8.4

Time Expressions of the Past Perfect Tense

already by the time never as soon as just after before

When the teacher entered the room all the students had already taken their seats.

By the time Michael was seventeen he had learnt two foreign languages.

When I arrived in London, I realized that I had never seen such a beautiful city.

The lesson started as soon as the bell had rung.

Fred had just finished the language school, then he found a job abroad. Henry phoned Hillary after he had known her phone number.

They had taken some money in the bank before they went shopping.

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8.20. Join the following sentences using the word in brackets, as in the model.

Model: – They watched TV. They finished their homework. (after)

–They watched TV after they had finished their homework.

1.Ann went to the university. She had breakfast. (as soon as)

2.Jason failed his geometry exam three times. He finally got a satisfactory mark. (before)

3.Wendy phoned a friend. She finished writing a report. (after)

4.The bus left. We arrived at the bus station. (already; when)

5.David got into a shower. The doorbell rang. (just; when)

6.Paula went to bed. Her group-mates left. (as soon as)

7.Geoff was fifteen years old. He learnt to speak German. (by the time)

8.The play started. They arrived at the theater. (already; when)

9.I cooked dinner. My parents phoned to say they couldn’t come. (already; when)

10.The lesson was over. Fred fell asleep. (before)

8.21.Look at the box and notice the things Steve had / hadn’t done by the time he was seventeen years old. Make sentences about you and Steve, as in the model.

Model: – By the time Steve was 17 he had got a secondary education.

–By the time I was 17 …

8.22.Read the conversation between Mio who is from Japan and her school-mate Yoko. Pay attention to Mio’s answers.

Yoko: Hello, Mio! It’s me Yoko speaking. Mio: Hi, Yoko! I haven’t seen you for ages.

Yoko: How is it going, Mio? Where are you living at the moment? Are you OK?

Mio: I am leaving in New York at the moment. I like the city very much. It’s big and cosmopolitan. I am living in the students’ hostel not far from the university where

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I am studying. I must say that the students’ life is really busy. We have two lectures every day and some practical lessons, so we usually have a lot of homework.

Yoko: Sounds terrible. Do you ever relax?

Mio: Of course we do. Yesterday we didn’t go to the university. We were having some rest.

Yoko: How many students do you live with?

Mio: There are five of us. Kiyoto, who is from Tokyo, as well as me, Angela, a student from Switzerland, Ann who is from Russia and Jaclyn, who is from France.

Yoko: Do you get on well together? Are your room-mates friendly and helpful?

Mio: Yes, they are. We are all from the same faculty. I know, if I have problems with my homework, my room-mates will help me.

Yoko: That’s fine. What did you do yesterday?

Mio: Oh, it was a long day. It was cold outside, so we were keeping home. Yoko: Did your parents phone you?

Mio: Yes, of course. My mum often phones me. She misses me a lot. Dad phoned me yesterday. He has found a new job and now he is a head of the financial department.

Yoko: It sounds good. And how is your sister? Has she got married yet? She is very pretty. Where is she living now? When did you last see her?

Mio: Kylie is all right. You seem to fancy her. Why are you asking so many questions about Kylie? She is still single and she is in Oxford now. She is having an English course in an International language school.

Yoko: Does she have a boyfriend? Can you give me her phone number? Can I have her e-mail at least?

Mio: I am sorry, Yoko. The lesson is starting. I will phone you later. Bye.

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