УРОК 10

Зміст уроку 10
Лексичний матеріал	Граматичний матеріал
1. Requirements for the US Citizenship.	1. Пасивна форма присудку (Passive Voice). 2. Can + Passive Infinitive. 3. Would better.

І. Граматичний матеріал: Пасивна форма присудку (Passive Voice)

Завдання 1.1. Вивчіть випадки вживання пасивної форми присудку.

Активна форма присудку (Active Voice) характерна тим, що підмет «виконує» дію, виражену присудком у будь якому часі самостійно. ☺ → 

Наприклад: Юрист складає договір. A lawyer makes a contract.

Пасивна форма присудку(Passive Voice) характерна тим, що дія спрямована на підмет від другої особи або предмету. ←☺

Наприклад: Договір складений юристом. A contract is made by a lawyer.

ТАБЛИЦЯ ПАСИВНОЇ ФОРМИ ПРИСУДКУ.

	Simple	Continuous	Perfect
Present	am/is/are made	am/is/are being made	have/has been made
Past	was/were made	was/were being made	had been made
Future	will be made	-	will have been made
Future-in-the Past	would be made	-	would have been made

Завдання 1.2. Порівняйте форми присудку у наступних реченнях.

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. The both parties always sign the contract.	1. The contract is always signed by the both parties.
2. Phil Knight founded Nike.	2. Nike was founded by Phil Knight.
3. The parties are negotiating the contract.	3. The contract is being negotiated by the parties.
4. The parties were discussing the agreement when new information arrived.	4. The agreement was being discussed when new information arrived.
5. The owners have registered the company in the UK.	5. The company has been registered by the owners in the UK.
6. The newspaper announced that they had sold the company.	6. The newspaper announced that the company had been sold.
7. The founders will name a legal company.	7. A legal company will be named by the founders.
8. The lawyers will have completed the investigation by the end of the month.	8. The investigation will have been completed by the end of the month.
9. The government stated that the company would conduct legal activities.	9. The government stated that legal activities would be conducted by the company.

Завдання 1.3. Прочитайте, перекладіть наступні речення.

1. The law can be understood as a body of rules, standards and principles enacted by

the government to control its citizens and have a binding legal effect.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Rules, standards and principles can be rooted in nature, philosophy, customs,

religion, and history.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. The principles of law cannot be remained static.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Legal documents can be classified as either instruments or pleadings.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. The legal document can be represented handwritten, typed, printed, engraved, or

photocopied.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Завдання 1.4. Прочитайте речення, поставте присудок у відповідну форму

Passive Voice.

Наприклад: Americans buy Japanese cars. Japanese cars are bought by Americans.

1. Americans make computers in California.

______________________________________________________________________

2. Americans grow fruit and vegetables in Florida.

______________________________________________________________________

3. Americans produce oil in Alaska.

______________________________________________________________________

4. Americans grow wheat in Kansas.

______________________________________________________________________

5. Americans raise cattle in Texas.

______________________________________________________________________

6. Americans raise corn in Iowa.

______________________________________________________________________

7. Americans grow potatoes in Maine.

____________________________________________________________________

8. Americans make clothes in New York.

______________________________________________________________________

9. Americans mine coal in Pennsylvania.

______________________________________________________________________

10. Americans grow cotton in Mississippi.

____________________________________________________________________

Завдання 1.5. Поставте дієслова у відповідну форму часу та стану.

1. Don’t enter the room. The jury___________________________________(sit) there.

2. After the accident he ______________________________(take) immediately home.

3. Guns ___________________________________________(make) of steel or plastic.

4. The Parliament ___________________________________(elect) by the population.

5. The documents ____________________________________(sign) before you come.

6. The Lacey Act ___________________________________(adopt) in the 19^th century.

7. The contract _____________________________(develop) by the end of the month.

Завдання 1.6. Прочитайте поради щодо деяких правил поведінки у

громадських місцях. Використовуючи дієслівну форму з

закінченням -ing, сформулюйте заборону здійснювати ту чи

іншу дію. Використайте заперечну форму дієслова allow.

Наприклад: You’d better put out your cigarette. Smoking isn’t allowed here.

1. You’d better not park here.

____________________________________________________________________

2. You’d better not take any food into the museum.

____________________________________________________________________

3. You’d better not throw the papers on the pavement.

____________________________________________________________________

4. You’d better not turn to the left.

____________________________________________________________________

5. You’d better not use your camera in the theatre.

____________________________________________________________________

6. You’d better not drunk drive.

____________________________________________________________________

7. You’d better not speak Russian at the English lesson.

____________________________________________________________________

8. You’d better not work extra hours.

____________________________________________________________________

Завдання 1.7. Прочитайте заборону здійснювати дію. Дайте рекомендацію

щодо виконання альтернативної дії.

Наприклад: Begging is forbidden here. You’d better look for a job.

1. Illegal entering the country is forbidden.

______________________________________________________________________

2. Violation of immigration laws is forbidden.

______________________________________________________________________

3. Drug smuggling is forbidden.

______________________________________________________________________

4. Race discrimination is forbidden.

______________________________________________________________________

5. Drunk driving is forbidden.

______________________________________________________________________

6. Raising children without care is forbidden.

______________________________________________________________________

II. Лексичний матеріал: Requirements for the US Citizenship

Завдання 2.1. Прочитайте текст, підкресліть присудок у Passive Voice.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE US CITIZENSHIP

To exercise the right to vote, hold public office, or serve on juries, a person must be an American citizen. Under the Constitution, all persons born in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction are citizens of the United States and of the district where they reside. Under certain conditions, children born to American citizens while they are traveling or living outside the country are also citizens. Persons born in Puerto Rico, Guam and the US Virgin Islands – all of which are the part of the US but not the states – are American citizens as well.

A person born in a foreign country may become an American citizen through the process of naturalization. Aliens who live in the United States are not compelled to become citizens nor they are penalized for not doing so. A great many non-citizens live in the United States and enjoy the same freedom of thought, speech and action accorded to natural born Americans. They may not, of course, vote, and in some states citizenship is a requirement for applicants who wish to obtain licenses to practice law or medicine.

To be eligible for naturalization, a person must be at least 18 years old of age. He or she must have entered the United States legally and must have been a resident of the country for at least five years, including at least six months in the state in which he or she applies for citizenship.

A candidate for citizenship makes application to the Immigration and Naturalization Service of the Department of Justice. The agency notifies the applicant where and when to appear for examination. An officer of the Agency aids the applicant in filling a petition for naturalization with a court. It is required that two American citizens, known to be truthful, must support the petition and swear that the applicant has fulfilled the residence requirements, is a good moral character, and will support the principles of the Constitution of the United States. Both the applicant and witnesses are questioned by an examiner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service to make sure the applicant is qualified.

The final step is taking the oath of allegiance to the United States. At least 30 days must pass between the filling of the petition and taking the oath. After the oath, a judge signs an order granting naturalized citizenship. A certificate of naturalization is issued and the new citizen is then eligible to vote and take an active part in the government.

1. to exercise the right	1. користуватися правом
2.to hold public office	2. працювати у органах управління
3. to serve on juries	3. бути членом суду присяжних
4. under the Constitution	4. згідно Конституції
5. subject to its jurisdiction	5. підпадати під юрисдикцію
6. to reside	6. мешкати, проживати
7. to live outside the country	7. жити за межами країни
8. alien	8. іноземець
9. to compel	9. заставляти робити щось
10. to be penalized for	10. бути покараним за щось
11. to accord to	11. надавати
12. applicant	12. заявник
13. to obtain a license	13. отримувати ліцензію
14. to be eligible for	14. бути бажаним, підходящим
15. to applу for citizenship	15. подавати заявку на громадянство
16. to make application	16. подавати заяву
17. to aid the applicant	17. допомагати, спрямовувати
18. to fill a petition	18. заповнити форму заяви
19. to swear	19. клястись
20. to be questioned	20. бути опитаним
21. to make sure	21. впевнитись
22. to be qualified	22. відповідати (вимогам)
23. to take the oath of allegiance	23. виголошувати клятву вірності
24. to issue	24. видавати (документ)
25. natural born Americans	25. американці, які народилися у Америці