Вариант 3

1. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов that, one, it.

1. Normally, this period will be a very short one.

2. It was Einstein who came to the conclusion that the electromagnetic field is influenced by the gravitation field.

3. The territory of Moscow is larger than that of London.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. Our task is to raise temperature.

2. When did you reach the break-even point?

3. He has never been to this country.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения.

В разделе а) подчеркните инфинитив и определите его форму и функцию в предложении. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

В разделе б) подчеркните инфинитивную конструкцию, определите ее вид. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

a)

1. There are notion-wide schemes to encourage industrial investment.

2. The traditional approach to this problem is to consider each new process as a new problem.

б)

1. We proved this suggestion to be wrong.

2. Plastics are supposed to be used instead of metals in many cases.

3. We can make an atom serve the needs of man.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите формы и функции глагольных форм, оканчивающихся на -ing (причастие или герундий). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Flying into the space has been man’s age-old dream.

2. Launching artificial satellites we obtain the information about the universe.

3. There are different ways of solving a problem.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. This is the type of reaction you will easily understand.

2. We know radio and radar systems play a very important role at any airport.

6. Образуйте существительные от данных глаголов (число в скобках указывает количество существительных). Переведите слова на русский язык.

1. to create (2); 2. to build (2); 3. to desire (1); 4. to found (2); 5. to divide (1)

7. Прочитайте текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы после текста.

Civil Engineering

1. The term “engineering” is a modern one. The New Marriam-Webster Dictionary gives the explanation of the word “engineering” as the practical application of scientific and mathematical principles. Nowadays the term "engineering" means, as a rule, the art of designing, constructing, or using engines. But this word is now applied in a more extended sense. It is applied also to the art of executing such works as the objects of civil and military architecture, in which engines or other mechanical appliances are used. Engineering is divided into many branches. The most important of them are: mechanical, electrical, nuclear, mining, military, and marine and sanitary engineering.

2. First the word “civil engineering” was used to distinguish the work of the engineer with a non-military purpose from that of a military engineer. And up to about the middle of the 18^th century there were two main branches of engineering — civil and military. The former included all those branches of the constructive art not directly connected with military operations and the constructions of fortifications, while the latter, military engineering, concerned itself with the applications of science and the utilization of building materials in the art of war.

3. But as time went on, the art of civil engineering was enriched with new achievements of science. At present there are hundreds of subdivisions of engineering, but they all, at one time or another, branched off from civil engineering.

4. The term “civil engineering” has two distinct meanings. In the widest and oldest sense it includes all non-military branches of engineering as it did two centuries ago. But in its narrower, and at the present day more correct sense, civil engineering includes mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, metallurgical, and mining engineering.

in a more extended sense – в более широком смысле

1. What does the term “engineering” mean?

2. What examples of engineering branches are mentioned in the text?

3. What did the term “civil engineering” mean up to the middle of the 18^th century?

4. Which two meanings has this term got nowadays?

8. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык абзацы 1 и 2.