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grammar and practice 2009.doc
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Tourism

  1. The few visitors who were left from the modest number who had taken their decorous holiday in the high summer months were, however, treated with the same courtesy and deference as if they were treasured patrons of long standing, which in some cases they were.

  2. In this way the hotel was known as a place which was unlikely to attract unfavorable attention, a place guaranteed to provide a restorative sojourn for those whom life had mistreated or merely fatigued.

  3. The client’s needs were taken care of and their names were pronounced correctly.

  4. In case there appeared any problems they were solved quietly.

  5. The hotel business is characterized by a high degree of risk, which primarily is the result of two factors: the cyclical nature of demand and the high degree of capital investment.

  6. It is assumed that the participants will take care of their accommodation themselves.

  7. In addition to being accommodated in double rooms, they were asked to check out of the hotel four hours before the usual time.

  8. A restaurant owner is called a restaurateur; both words derive from the French verb restaurer, meaning to restore.

  9. A cuisine is primarily influenced by the ingredients that are available locally or through trade.

  10. In addition to food, a cuisine is also often held to include beverages, including wine, liquor, tea, coffee and other drinks. Increasingly, experts hold that it further includes the raw ingredients and original plants and animals from which they come.

  11. Ecotourism has been hailed as a way to develop profitable tourism that minimizes the “footprint” left on natural areas by tourists and developers.

  12. Urban cultural tourism will not be discussed in this support package, because the environmental problems caused by urban tourism are hard to distinguish from those caused by the larger urban setting.

  13. Though in the past, hostels have been seen as low-quality accommodation for less desirable travelers.

Psychology

  1. A phobia is classified as a type of anxiety disorder, since anxiety is the chief symptom experienced by the sufferer to a parent.

  2. Anxiety is also viewed as arising from threats to an individual’s ego or self-esteem, as in the case of inadequate sexual or job performance.

  3. Physiognomy is considered to be of great antiquity and in ancient and medieval times it had an extensive literature.

  4. In the 18th and 19th centuries physiognomy was proposed as a means of detecting criminal tendencies, but each system was examined and discarded as fallacious, and by the 20th century physiognomy – as it was known in earlier times – was largely regarded as a historical subject.

  5. The subject of emotion is studied from a wide range of views.

  6. Philosophers are interested in the role of emotions in rationality, thought, character development, and values.

  7. It is commonly believed that if a person sees something “with his own eyes” then their memory of that event, object or person must be true and accurate.

  8. The argument supporting this belief is based on another commonly held belief – that information is permanently stored in long-term memory.

  9. A person’s ability to perceive a complex event is affected by the amount of stress that person is experiencing at the time the event is experienced.

  10. There are, broadly speaking, four categories of human behavior, some of which, it will be seen quickly, overlap with and are probable extensions of animal behavior.

  11. Behaviorism insisted on working only with what can be seen or manipulated and in the early views of John B. Watson, a founder of the field, nothing was inferred as to the nature of the entity that produced the behavior.

  12. Psychologists are interested in why we may fear spiders and physiologists may be interested in the input/output system of the amygdala.

  13. The history of psychology as a scholarly study of the mind and behavior dates back to the Middle Ages. It was widely regarded to a branch of philosophy until the middle of the 19th-century when psychology developed as an independent scientific discipline in Germany.

  14. In particular, experimental psychologists have been inclined to discount the case study and interview methods as they have been used in clinical and developmental psychology.

  15. Transpersonal perspectives are also being applied to such diverse fields as psychology, psychiatry, anthropology, sociology, pharmacology, cross-cultural studies (Scotton, Chinen and Battista, 1996; Davis, 2003) and social work (Cowley & Derezotes, 1994).

Law

  1. The method a judicial decision is enforced by depends upon its nature.

  2. By the 1600s English government offered its citizens political liberties, such as trial by jury, that were largely unknown elsewhere.

  3. The Magma Carta established the principle of limited government, in which the power of the monarch, or government, was limited, not absolute.

  4. The powers of a police officer in England and Wales to stop and search, arrest and place a person under detention are contained in the Police and Criminal Evidence.

  5. Political terrorism is usually committed in the name of an ideology that honors its martyrs; trying to cope with it by threatening terrorists with death penalty is futile.

  6. Members of the public have the right to make complaints against police officers if they feel that they have been treated unfairly or improperly.

  7. In recent years technological advances have been made in such areas as voice identification, use of the scanning electron microscope, and blood testing which is an important tool because only 2 persons in 70,000 have identical characteristics.

  8. The form of reasoning used in common law is known as casuistry or case-based reasoning.

  9. Tort law allows claims for compensation when someone or their property is injured or harmed.

  10. A basic distinction is made between civil law jurisdictions and systems using common law.

  11. It was discovered by considering humankind's natural rights, whereas previously it was said that natural rights were discovered by considering the natural law.

  12. Although there may be exceptions, it is thought by many international academics that most states enter into legal commitments with other states out of enlightened self-interest rather than adherence to a body of law that is higher than their own.

Aircraft Building

  1. At the preflight briefing the flight plan is discussed with the crew.

  2. On high bypass engines another turbine is interposed between the high and low pressure turbines, thus forming a triple-spool system.

  3. Much of the panel area in front of the pilots is occupied by single-function warning and caution lights, which alert the pilots to a problem, which the engineers can analyze in detail, using their more comprehensive systems instruments.

  4. The aircraft is fitted with long range position finding systems.

  5. In the beginning of VTOL (vertical take-off and landing) aircraft development too much attention was paid to the advantages that jet VTOL appeared to offer, and too little to the drawbacks.

  6. The amount of thrust is calculated as the product of the mass of air flowing through the jet engine by its acceleration. As a rule, thrust is created whenever there are divergent passages which convert velocity, or kinetic energy, into pressure energy.

  7. The amount of lift is calculated as the difference of air pressures below the wing and above the wing.

  8. The majority of the energy in the gas stream is absorbed by additional turbine stages drive the propeller through the internal shaft.

  9. The autopilot was engaged in a “selected” mode for vertical and lateral navigation (as opposed to a “managed” mode, meaning FMS-coupled navigation) (Flight Management System).

  10. The filed flight plan is fed into a teletypewriter for transmission to control centers along the route of the flight.

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