VI. Выберите английское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного.

19. There exist two main problems: correct timing of a government injection or withdrawal and correct magnitude of an injection into or withdrawal from the economy to eliminate depressions and booms.

a) Two main troubles exist here: to make choice between the periods of the government supporting or neglecting the economy development.

b) There are two main economic problems to be settled by the government: the right moment and the necessary amount of money and resources to be supplied or taken from the economy to avoid recessions or sudden increase in economic activity.

c) To choose the right time and the amount of money to put in or take from the economy, that is the way to solve all the economic problems.

20. If the government can get the timing and magnitude of the injection and withdrawal correct, it will be able to eliminate the effects of depression.

a) If the government can get rid of the effects of depression, it will be able to control the time and the rate of inflation.

b) The government should take the right decision when and how to finance the economy, which will have an effect on its further development.

c) The economy will face no recession if the government chooses the time and the amount of the injection or withdrawal correctly.

21. Where the government has not been successful in avoiding strong fluctuations in business activity', it can make injections into a growing economy which then overheats and withdraws too much at the wrong time braking too hard.

a) When the government is able to avoid depressions and booms, it might always speed up economic growth.

b) The government might promote rather fast economic development, or slow it down dramatically.

c) Injections into and withdrawals from the growing economy to avoid fluctuations are the key to its successful regulation.

VII. Переведите текст (письменно).

Opportunity cost is a fundamental concept of economics. Opportunity cost is the economic cost of using scarce resources in terms of the alternatives elsewhere. This concept is of value for all economic choices. In every choice the person has to take one action rather than others. For each choice, the person compares the benefits and costs of each alternative and tries to get the maximum benefit.

Benefits are usually clearly seen. The person can feel satisfaction because he buys a car, a meal, a concert, or even a year at college. But costs are more difficult to see. The true economic cost – the opportunity cost may be not the same as the simple expression in money terms because there are other real costs.

The other real costs are often hidden or indirect. They include things, material and immaterial, the person cannot get because he gets something else.

For example, with just two days before exams, you can only study economics and raise your course grade from B to A, or only chemistry and raise that grade from C to A. The opportunity cost of an A in chemistry is getting a B in economics rather than an A.