5. Выберите верный вариант ответов (a-c).

Pro-Chic was a ¹____________ company with a customer base of about 250. Its founder, Biruta Zilinskiene, was a ²__________ fashion desighner with a lot of good ideas. She specialized in smart, practical clothes that could ³__________ to business women. Her customers were too busy to go shopping, so Biruta visited them in their office or home. It was a clever plan and Pro-Chic started to make a good ⁴________ . The company had a brand with a good ⁵_________ , but it needed more ⁶__________ to reach a wider market. Biruta wanted the company to grow, and for that she needed to ⁷_________ her designs in magazines. To begin with, Biruta used her own money to ⁸_________ the venture. But to run a big advertising ⁹_________, she needed a lot more ¹⁰________ . So she went to a group of venture ¹¹_________ to try to raise more money. The group liked her ideas and saw that the business had a lot of ¹²________ . Biruta was able to ¹⁵_________ the money she needed.

1 a set-up b starting c start-up

2 a talented b targeted c weak

3 a appeal b target c feature

4 a demand b competition c profit

5 a image b fame c opinion

6 a publication b public c publicity

7 a represent b produce c promote

8 a finance b raise c rocket

9 a commerce b contract c campaign

10 a findings b funding c founders

11 a capitalists b elevators c enthusiasts

12 a future b prediction c potential

13 a lend b borrow c finance

6. Заполните предположения фразами:

I’ll probably… I definitely won’t…… I think it’s unlikely that I’ll…….It’s possible that……… I’m sure I’ll……….

1. Hector is certain he’ll be a successful entrepreneur. “________________ make a lot of money”.

2. Melanie thinks she might move to a new town. “_______________ stay in the same place.”

3. Simone expects to work with her father and brother. “_____________work in the family business.”

4. Georg thinks he may work abroad. “______________ I’ll get a job in another country.”

5. Karin is sure she will be successful in her exams. “_______________ fail!”

UNIT 7 PRICE

I Ex. 1.1. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Выполните задания после текста:

Make it cheaper and cheaper

How technology pushes down price

a___________________________________________________

Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production and distribution technology. Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. People who predicted that the world would run out of food were wrong. We are producing more and more food with less and less capital. Food is therefore more plentiful and cheaper than it has ever been. Spending on food compared with other goods has fallen for many years, and continues to drop.

b____________________________________________________

Supermarkets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale. Like any big business, they can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk. As supermarkets get bigger, the prices get lower.

c____________________________________________________

Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can put pressure on producers to cut their margins. As a result, some producers have had to make cuts. In recent years, Unilever has cut its workforce by 33,000 to 245, 000 and dropped lots of its minor brands as part of its “path to growth” strategy. Cadbury has shut nearly 20 per cent of its 133 factories and cut 10 per cent of its 55,000 global workforce. These cuts help keep costs down, and the price of food stays low.

d____________________________________________________

Does cheap food make people unhealthy? Cheap food may encourage people to eat more. Food companies certainly think that giving people more food for their money makes them buy more. Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal. That is why portions have got larger and larger. In America, soft drinks came in 8oz (225 g) cans in the past, then 12oz (350g), and now come in 20oz (550g) cans. If a company can sell you an 8oz portion for $7, they can sell you a 12oz portion for $8. The only extra cost to the company is the food, which probably costs 25 cents.

Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portions for less money. But it is hard to change the trend.

Ex. 1.2. Сопоставьте подзаголовки 1-4 с параграфами a-d.

1. Big supermarkets are more efficient

2. Drinks come cheaper in large cans

3. Technology improves food production

4. Supermarkets force producers to cut costs

Ex. 1.3. Являются ли утверждения верными или ложными,

1. It costs less to produce large quantities of food than ever before.

2. Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in large quantities.

3. Some food producers have reduced their range of products.

4. To meet supermarket demands, Candbury employs more workers than before.

5. Shoppers will buy larger quantities when there is a special price.

6. For the food companies, larger portions are not much more expensive to produce.

7. The writer thinks companies will be happy to reduce the sizes of portions.

Ex. 1.4. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of large chain stores and small shops?

2. Which do you prefer to shop in?

Ex. 1.5. Сопоставьте слова из текста с их определением.

1. advance a the difference between the cost of production

and the price of the product

2. margin b less important

3. workforce c an amount of food for one person

4. minor d changes that bring improvement

5. portion e the way a situation changes and develops

6. trend f all the people who work in a particular

company or factory