S ound / aυ /

I. Listen to the sound / aυ / on its own. Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this vowel sound.

The English diphthong / aυ / begins as the front open /a / and proceeds in the direction of the English /υ/. The lips are neutral.

II. Listen and repeat.

Cow, bow, brow, grouse, ouch.

III. Read these examples of the sound / aυ /.

found	houses	town
now	house	ground
cow	now	about
how	sound	around
count	south	down

IV. Listen to the sounds /a:/ and / aυ / in contrast and repeat.

Car – cow, bar – bow, bra – brow, grass – grouse, arch – ouch.

V. Read the words below and compare the sound /aυ/ with the words on each side. Transcribe the words.

	/ aυ /
fond	found	phoned
know	now	new
car	cow	care

VI. Read the following sentences. Mind the right articulation of the sounds / aυ /.

6. Mrs. Brown counted cows coming down the mountains.

7. Our brown cow has been found.

8. I have plowed the ground around the house.

9. She shouted loudly when she found a mouse among the flowers.

10. The owl came down from the mountain.

11. The Boy Scout bowed to the crowd.

12. Count me out for about an hour.

13. He scowled at the crowd that was shouting around town.

14. Somehow I doubt if it’s a brown trout.

15. The mouth is usually rounded in shouting.

16. The sound was found to be a compound of vowels.

VII. Learn the following graphical rules:

Vowel / aυ / is represented in spelling by:

The diagraphs “ou”, “ow” (out, town)

Rare Spellings: drought, bough, plough

VIII. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings. Learn them:

1. A sound mind in a sound body.

2. Every cloud has a silver lining.

3. Actions speak louder than words.

4. To come out dry.

5. When angry, count a hundred.

IX. Learn the following tongue twister:

Sounding by sound is a sound method of sounding sounds.

Sound / әυ /.

1. L isten to the sound / әυ / on its own. Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this vowel sound.

The English diphthong / әυ / begins as /ә/ and immediately proceeds in the direction of the English /υ/. It should be mentioned that the tongue only approaches the /υ/–position so that the end of the glide is not a distinct /υ/. The lips start from a slight rounding and rather a large opening. At the end of the articulation the lips are considerably rounded, forming a rather oval opening.

2. Listen and repeat.

Bone, phone, boat, woke, float.

3. Read these examples of the sound / әυ /.

boat	toes	roll	stone	coal
blows	toast	rose	moan	know
coast	comb	rope	row	slow
bowl	code	go	cold	shoulder
toe	coat	phone	most	snow

4. Listen to the sounds /3:/ and / әυ / in contrast and repeat.

Burn – bone, fern – phone, Bert – boat, work – woke, flirt – float.

5. Listen to the sounds /ɔː/ and / әυ / in contrast and repeat.

Caught – coat, nought – note, bought – boat, jaw – Joe, ball – bowl.

6. Read the words below and compare the sound / әυ / with the words on each side. Transcribe the words.

	/ әυ /
bought	boat	boot
blouse	blows	blues
cost	coast	cast
ball	bowl	bull

7. Read the following sentences. Mind the right articulation of the sound / әυ /

1. Rose knows Joe phones Sophie, but Sophie and Joe don’t know Rose knows.

2. You need a stone and some rope to keep a boat from floating.

3. The wind is blowing and it’s cold and snowy.

4. All know that you are slow.

8. Listen to the dialogue (Sound Right 30.2). Intone it. Learn and reproduce it, paying attention to the pronunciation of the sounds / әυ / and / aυ /.

30.2

- What was the row about?

- He took me out in his boat. It’s a motor-boat, but it broke down.

- So he rowed you home?

- No, his doctor won’t allow him to row. He’s had a broken shoulder, you know.

- So, I rowed and we had a row.

- Well, if he’s had a broken shoulder, how could he row?

- Oh, I don’t mind rowing.

- Well then?

- But he told me I was slow.

9. Learn the following graphical rules:

Vowel / әυ / is represented in spelling by:

1. The letter “o” in open syllables (go, home)

2. “o” followed by “ll, ld, st” (roll, old, most)

3. “o” in word-final unstressed syllables (hero)

4. The diagraph “ow” (low, tomorrow)

5. The diagraph “oa” (boat)

Irregular Readings: now, how, cow, row (галас), brow, bow - /au/

Rare Spellings: shoulder, poultry, soul, owe, brooch, mould

10. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings. Learn them:

1. As you sow, so shall mow.

2. True love never grows old.

3. When in Rome do as the Romans do.

11. Learn the following tongue twister:

Don’t go home alone,

Nobody knows how lonely the road is.

The /ı/-gliding diphthongs /eı/, /aı/ and / ɔɪ /.