8

Lecture 1

1. The basic concepts of ecology.

2. Interaction of the industry with an environment.

3. Characteristics of an environment. Structure of biosphere.

4. Vernadsky's doctrine about biosphere.

_{5. Clearing of industrial emissions of gases and forming pairs impurity.}

1. The basic concepts of ecology.

Since XV century the problem of an environment became actual.

The ecology is a science about mutual relations between alive organisms, biological systems and an inhabitancy. The ecology studies including questions of wildlife management.

Wildlife management is an interaction of the person and the nature in its all variety. Interaction of the industry with an environment is considered as one of making parts of wildlife management. This process has social character and is made within the limits of public attitudes of a concrete way of manufacture.

The environment is the inhabitancy representing set of all material bodies, forces and natural phenomena. It includes any activity of the person which are being direct contact to alive organisms. The environment is a field of activity of the person.

The geographical environment is that part of an environment which the person can adapt for satisfaction material and spiritual needs. Properties of the geographical environment are the first condition of development of production of goods.

Natural riches is a set of substances and forces of the nature which can be used. In process of progress of productive forces the structure of natural riches varies, and it joins new elements.

Natural resources are a part of natural riches which can be used in productive or personal consumption at the given stage of development of a society and constantly extends in process of development of productive forces.

All history of mankind can be considered through a prism of mutual relations of a society with an environment. The environment is a fundamental principle of reception by the person of resources and the blessings. Thus the level and character of influence of a society on an environment is substantially defined by the scientific and technical progress having spasmodic character. Industrial revolution in the European countries in XVIII-XIX century has begun uses of forces pair, waters, an electricity, mineral fuel, machine tools and mechanisms. Regeneration of an organism (cloning) from one cell is higher degree of influence on an environment.

Influence of a society on an environment is consequence of technical processes which basic embodiment is progress. The civilization with such mutual relation of the person with the nature refers to technological.

The principal cause of studying of ecology is a communication with the major problems of mankind:

- An exhaustion of natural resources;

- Environmental contamination;

- Change of natural communities.

Industrial development attracts development of processes: industrialization, a urbanization, growth of a population.

It conducts to an aggravation of problems:

- Damage which is put by manufacture to an environment;

- Growth of lack of raw material and energy;

- Development of city territories.

The population is a group of individuals of any kind of organisms.

Ecological system - is a communities and the lifeless environment, functioning in common.