Unit 11
Theme: RELIGION
Texts: 1. Religions All Over the World. 2. Religions in the UK.
Dialogues: 1. Henry VIII. 2. The Churches and the Modern World.
Grammar: The Subjunctive Mood
Test 11
1. Read, translate, and study the use of the new words to read and discuss the texts and dialogues:
1) to increase. The study of religion has become increasingly important in modern times.
2) a denomination. There are a lot of religious denominations all over the world.
3) Christianity. Christianity is a worldwide religion.
4) Holy Spirit. Christians believe in one God with three aspects: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ), and God the Holy Spirit.
5) Orthodox Church. The main Christian denominations are the Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Protestant Churches.
6) Presbyterian. The Presbyterian Church is the national church of Scotland.
7) an obligation. In Islam there are five obligations, which should be observed.
8) a prophet. Muhammad is considered to be the prophet in Islam.
9) to pray. The followers of Islam should pray five times a day.
10) charity. The followers of Islam should give money to charity.
11) to fast. The believers should fast.
12) sunrise, sunset. The followers of Islam should fast from sunrise to sunset.
13) Muslim. The followers of Islam are called Muslims.
14) a mosque. Muslims pray in mosques.
15) a minaret. Most mosques have one or more minarets.
16) Hebrew, Jew. Jews are the descendants of the ancient Hebrews.
17) sacred. The Hebrew Bible is the sacred writing of Judaism.
18) a synagogue. Jews pray in synagogues.
19) an association. There are three main synagogue associations: the Orthodox, the Conservative, and the Reform.
20) give up. He gave up his family.
21) possessions. He gave up all his possessions and his family.
22) escape. Buddhist must become free of human desires in order to escape from pain.
23) suffering. Buddhist must become free of human desires in order to escape from the suffering.
24) reincarnation. The followers of this religion believe in reincarnation.
25) previous. Their next life depends on how well they behaved in their previous life.
26) to meditate. All Buddhists are meditating to reach nirvana.
27) break away from. King Henry VIII broke away from the Church of Rome.
28) declare. Henry VIII declared himself Head of the Church of England.
29) to appoint. The Queen appoints ministers.
30) archbishop, bishop. The Queen appoints two archbishops and all the bishops.
31) a priest. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the priest who is the leader of the Church of England.
32) a rank. The Archbishop of Yoke has the next highest rank to the Archbishop of Canterbury.
33) senior. There are twenty-four senior bishops in the House of Lords.
34) to remain. Then come the eighteen remaining bishops.
35) responsible. Each bishop is responsible for his district.
36) a diocese. This district is called a diocese.
37) a parish. Each diocese is divided into parishes.
38) a vicar. Each vicar is responsible for his parish.
39) strict. Presbyterians are typically thought to be rather strict and serious people.
EXERCISE 2. Read the international words and mind the stress:
'history, religion, sect, Christianity, 'aspect, 'Catholic, 'Protestant, 'Baptist, 'Islam, 'visit, 'minaret, 'Judaism, 'synagogue, i'dea, 'Buddhism, 'centre, 'reincarnation, 'meditate, nirvana, 'Hinduism, 'million, 'nation, 'leader, 'vicar, psychologist, 'territory.
EXERCISE 3. a) Translate, analyze the following words with different suffixes, and divide them into two groups: nouns and adjectives:
influence, religion, important, religious, denomination, numerous, charity, ancient, historical, prophetic, association, wealthy, possession, central, follower, reincarnation, previous, founder, national, leader, famous, impressive, responsible, social, serious;
b) Make up as many words as you can by combining different parts of the words:
un- wealth -er
possess -ion
follow -al
found -ive
nation -ic
lead -y
impress ^
prophet
c) The word in capitals at the end of each of the following sentence should be changed to form a word that fits suitably in the blank space:
1. They are the ... of Judaism FOLLOW.
2. He is rather a .... man WEALTH.
3. This is the .... church of Scotland NATION.
4. The sacred writing includes ... books PROPHET.
5. You can see there an ... 11th century cathedral IMPRESS.
EXERCISE 4. a) Try to match up the adjectives in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases:
A |
В |
1. permanent 2. previous 3. senior 4. strict 5. serious 6. responsible 7. sacred 8. main 9. Holy 10. Christian
|
a) Spirit b) Church c) life d) people e) followers f) vicar g) writing h) bishop i) reason j) exhibit
|
b) Decide which of the verbs on the left collocate with the nouns on the right:
1. to increase... a) branches
2. to give up... b) bishops
3. to appoint... c) one God
4. to show... d) the obligations
5. to be divided into... e) the number
6. to believe in... f) all possessions
7. to observe... g) the influence
8. to give... h) the highest rank
9. to include... i) prophetic books
10. to have... j) money
EXERCISE 5. Translate the following word combinations; pay attention to the prepositions:
the history of mankind, the study of religion, in modern times, a lot of denominations, all over the world, have been divided into, about 1.2 billion people, most of us, believe in one God with three aspects, is based on, between sunrise and sunset, during Ramadan, at least, in mosques, from which, from India, on which, free of human desires, in order to escape from the suffering, the followers of this religion, believe in reincarnation, depends on, in their previous life, about 400 million followers, broke away from the church, Head of the Church of England, the leader of the Church, is famous for its cathedral, in the House of Lords, is responsible for a district, is divided into parishes, at the head, the tasks of a priest, on the territory of the UK, in the 16th century.
EXERCISE 6. a) Translate the following definitions of the words:
1. An obligation is a condition or influence that makes it necessary for someone to do something.
2. A prophet is a man (in the Christian, Jewish, and Muslim religions) who believes that he is directed by God to make known and explain God's will and/or to lead or to teach a religion.
3. Charity is money or help given because of kindness and generosity towards people who are poor, sick, in difficulties.
4. Sunrise is the time when the sun appears in the morning.
5. Mosque is a building where Muslims pray.
b) The following words also appear in the texts and dialogues; match each one with its correct definition:
sunset, synagogue, church, minaret, suffering
1. a building where Jews are praying;
2. a building for public Christian praying;
3. a tall thin tower on a mosque from which Muslims are called to prayer;
4. the time when the sun disappears as night begins;
5. pain and difficulty generally.
EXERCISE 7. Read and translate the sentences; memorize the use of : Subjunctive Mood:
I wish I knew them. 2.1 wish I told him about it. 3.I wish it were raining now. 4. It would be useful to read this book. 5. He suggested that we should go to the church. 6. It is desirable that he take part in this service. 7. He demanded that this problem be discussed by them. 8. It is important that you should read this article. 9. We study the grammar rules so that we might translate the sentences better. 10. It would be desirable to listen to this prayer.
EXERCISE 8. Transform these sentences according to the models to practice the use of the Subjunctive Mood:
a) Model: I am sorry. I don't know Mr. Smith. I wish I knew Mr. Smith.
1.I am sorry I cannot do this. 2.I am sorry you cannot read this book the original. 3.I am sorry you don't come. 4.I am sorry I cannot change it. 5.I am sorry you are not healthy.
Model: I am sorry we didn't think about it before. I wish we had thought about it before.
1. I am sorry you didn't see this church. 2.I am sorry I didn't do it for you. 3.1 am sorry they didn't visit this museum. 4.1 am sorry I wasn't there before. 5.I am sorry they didn't tell you about it.
c) Model: Хотелось бы, чтобы этот фильм понравился вам.
I wish you liked this film.
1. Хотелось бы, чтобы вы посетили эту церковь. 2. Хотелось бы, чтобы они посмотрели этот фильм. 3. Хотелось бы, чтобы вы послушали эту песню. 4. Хотелось бы, чтобы вы пели эту песню. Хотелось бы, чтобы вы пели в хоре.
d) Model: Было бы интересно послушать эту музыку.
It would be interesting to listen to this music.
1. Было бы полезно почитать эту книгу. 2. Было бы желательно выучить эту песню. 3. Было бы трудно решить эту проблему. 4. Было бы интересно посетить этот музей. 5. Было бы полезно обработать эти данные.
EXERCISE 9. Fill in the blanks to practice the use of the Subjunctive Mood:
1. It... useful to investigate this problem. 2. There ... no results without those experiments. 3. He suggested that you ... this article. 4.I wish ... about it. 5. It is important that you ... to this church. 6.I brought a book for you so that you ... it. 7. If I were you I... this lecture. 8. If you visited the library you ... some more information about it. 9. If you had visited the library you ... some more information about it. 10. It... difficult to enter this university. .
EXERCISE 10. a) Read the text and try to focus on its essential facts. Choose the most suitable heading below for each paragraph:
1) Islam 2) Different Religious Denominations 3) Buddhism 4) Christianity 5) Hinduism 6) Judaism
b) Make a précis of the text, using the following phrases: |
1) The title of the text is... 2) The text is about... The text deals with...| 3) The text covers such points as... 4) It should be underlined that... 5) conclusion, I may say that... 6) To my mind... In my opinion...