2. Complete the sentences with words given in previous exercise.

1. While working on wet floors, contact resistance to ground is substantially reduced.

2. Many sportsmen are killed by_____.

3. Removing the grounding prong of a three wire input plug eliminates the grounding feature of the equipment.

4. There are many fatal accidents involving by _____ who violates the basic rules of per­sonal safety.

5. Never rely on _____ to protect you.

6. Electricity can be _____ and even _____ for those who do not understand the simple rules of safety.

7. Currents be­low 100 milliamperes can be serious and_____.

8. A _____ of con­necting leads, components and tools only leads to careless thinking, short- circuits, shocks and accidents.

3. Translate into Russian. Make up your own sentences with these word combinations.

Rules of safety, to violate the basic rules of per­sonal safety, rapid treatment, grounding feature, po­tential shock hazard, to shut off the power, to be substantially reduced, to give artificial respiration, to be the cause of an accident.

4. Give adequate Russian equivalents of the italicized words.

Matter - общий элемент смысла: нечто материальное, ощутимое, существенное;

то, что имеет значение. Частотные русские эквиваленты: matter - материя, вещество; материал (статьи, книги и т.п.), сущность, предмет; дело, вопрос и т.д.; to matter - иметь значение.

I. Chemistry deals with changes in the composition of matter, physics is concerned with changes in the location or size of matter. 2. Animal and human organisms fight off infections and other invasions by foreign matter. 3. The subject matter of the lecture was the influence of the climate on the development of a nation. 4. This collection of stones provides an interesting reading matter. 5. It is no easy matter to describe this phenomenon in detail. 6. His taking part in the discussion made the matters worse. 7. The answer to this question, however, will hardly matter under present conditions.

Background - общий элемент смысла: предшествование в пространстве или во в р е м е н и. Частотные русские эквиваленты: фон, задний план; образование, квалификация, биографические данные и т.д.

1. The vacancy can be filled only by a scientist with outstanding record and background. 2. This text deals with the methods of geological science, their historical background and development. 3. People of all backgrounds and all ages all over the world need peace. 4. What is the background of the problem? 5. Much depends on the personal interest of the student, and on his linguistic and cultural background. 6. In recent years there has been a growing realization of the practical value in industry of a scientific background.

5. Read and translate the text. Some rules for safe practice and avoiding electric shocks.

Electricity can be dangerous and even fatal for those who do not understand the simple rules of safety. There are many fatal accidents involving by a well-trained personnel who violates the basic rules of per­sonal safety.

Currents above 100 milliamperes or only one tenth of an ampere are fatal. A workman who has contacted currents above 200 milliam­peres may live to see another day if given rapid treatment. Currents be­low 100 milliamperes can be serious and painful. A safe rule: Do not place yourself in a position to get any kind of a shock.

Here are some rules that should be observed to avoid electric shocks.

1. Be sure of the conditions of the equipment and the dangers present before working on a piece of equipment. Many sportsmen are killed by supposedly unloaded guns; many technicians are killed by supposed "dead" circuits.

2. Never rely on safety devices such as fuses, relays and interlock systems to protect you. They may not be working and may fail to pro­tect when most needed.

3. Never remove the grounding prong of a three wire input plug. This eliminates the grounding feature of the equipment making it a po­tential shock hazard.

4. Do not work on a cluttered bench. A disorganized mess of con­necting leads, components and tools only leads to careless thinking, short- circuits, shocks and accidents. Develop habits of systemized and orga­nized procedures of work.

5. Do not work on wet floors. Your contact resistance to ground is substantially reduced. Work on a rubber mat or an insulated floor.

6. Do not work alone. It's just good sense to have someone around to shut off the power, to give artificial respiration and to call a doctor.

7. Never talk to anyone while working. Don't let yourself be dis­tracted. Also, don't you talk to anyone, if he is working on dangerous equipment. Don't be the cause of an accident.

8. Always move slowly when working around electrical circuits. Vi­olent and rapid movements lead to accidental shocks and short circuits.

Vocabulary.

Violate rules – нарушать правила

Personal safety – личная безопасность

Rapid treatment – неотложная мед. помощь

Interlock system – система блокировки

Grounding prong – заземляющий штырь

Three wire input plug – трехфазный входной штепсель

Work on a cluttered bench – работать в беспорядке

Connecting leads – соединительные провода

Artificial respiration – искусственное дыхание

Be distracted – отвлекаться

Violent and rapid movements – резкие и быстрые движения

5. Answer the questions.

1. In what case can electricity be dangerous and fatal?

2. What currents are fatal?

3. Why must a workman not rely on fuses, relays and interlock systems?

4. Why is it so important not to remove the grounding prong of a three wire input plug?

5. What does a cluttered bench lead to?

6. Why is it so necessary for an electrician to work on a rubber mat?

7. Should an electrician work alone or have someone around?

8. Why is it important for an electrician to avoid violent and rapid movements?

6. What do you call:

a) the process of taking care of electrical mechanisms on board ship?

b) the actions you fulfill when you want to protect yourself?

c) the tools you can carry from one place to another in your hands?

d) the people who take care of any type of equipment?

e) the things you put on your hands when you want to let yourself touch hot-line?

f) the things you put on your feet to protect yourself against a pace voltage?

g) the means which ensure your individual protection?

h) the things you put on your face to protect your lungs and skin?