6 Adverbial clauses
exercise 6.1
In each of the following items the double-underlined words make up either an adjective clause, a noun clause or an adverbial clause. Indicate the type of clause.
A scowling black-clad youth with a fearsome haircut and clothes made of safety pins is stamping around in a pair of big black boots.
Nearby a neat Japanese couple are discussing styles, while two young Dutch women in shorts and backpacks and several teenagers of both sexes browse the shelves.
For Shelly’s customers, tourist or native, the one brand that counts carries a black-and-yellow tag at the heel.
Mr Griggs, who has invested £3 million in DM Clothing, denies that the venture smacks of opportunism.
The town has no electricity at night because there is no money for fuel for the diesel generators.
](6) The shark is attracted to the canoe with a coconut shell rattle shaken under the water.
A trap is used to catch the fish.
When conditions are right, this is the most effective method of fishing I have ever seen.
In other cities demolishing buildings is a minor form of spectator sport.
Along the casino-laden stretch of highway known as The Strip, it is an exorcism.
Before the Dunes Hotel was dynamited into rubble last week, there occurred a spectacular fireworks display.
(12) This fall, more than 10,500 hotel rooms are to be added to what has become the world’s densest concentration of tourist facilities.
(13) Her argument is that government should treat pornography as action to be regulated.
(14) Society is made of words whose meanings the powerful control.
(15) MacKinnon reasons serenely as fanatics do within a closed circle of logic.
exercise 6.2
Underline the adverbial clauses. indicate the category to which the clause belongs. time, place, concessive, result/purpose, condition, reason/cause, manner/comparison.
When I was a child, I was terrified of the dark.
As you get older, fear vanishes.
Because life with my mother hadn’t turned out how he had hoped, my father was always hesitant and uneasy.
While discretion about the hundreds of other candidates for the job has been scrupulously observed, Ms Eaton disclosed last week that they had included not only journalists and actors from both sides of the Atlantic but also a few ‘aristocrats’.
Though the famine has abated, peace remains elusive, and the new U.N. force in Somalia, UNOSOM II, will face continued trouble when it takes command on May 1. (a) (b)
If several hundred rebel insurgents suddenly decide to do battle in a wildlife preserve, is this considered guerrilla warfare or gorilla warfare?
(7) It took until January of this year before the province brought in a rule requiring five minutes’ rest for every hour spent on a computer keyboard.
(8) I’ve spoken to leading experts in the field whereas most patients get only a few minutes with their family doctor or a specialist.
(9) Office workers have been using keyboards since the first typewriters were introduced in the 1870’s.
(10) Until the government confronts these issues, the problem will remain.
exercise 6.3
indicate the category to which the adverbial clauses belong.
(1) After campaigning for four years against gridlock, pollution, driver’s aggression and accidents, the German press now wonders why people aren’t buying cars.
(2) The independent Unemployment Unit said the jobless total was 4,163,000 if calculated on the basis used before 1982.
(3) If adopted, the plan will permit a charming, civilized 21st century Seattle.
(4) After reading English at Oxford for two years without much enthusiasm Henry left the university without a degree, and went to work at a Birmingham factory.
(5) It is a standard conservative ploy to say that the states should do more because they are closer to the people, while at the same time failing to suggest where the states are to get the financial and intellectual wherewithal to carry out their greater responsibilities.
(6) Fred Gingell, the courtly interim Opposition Leader who has replaced Mr Wilson, denies that the Liberals performed poorly in the last legislative session, but he admitted they suffered from stage fright, as well as inexperience with the media, particularly when compared to the seasoned NDP members.
While falling short of new Siberian giants, Ukrainian wells are big by standards of Alberta’s picked-over oilfields.
After being bartered off to a new family, with little education, limited access to health care and no knowledge of birth control, young brides soon became young mothers.
(9) If unsigned by Ukraine and other independent republics (Belarus and Kazakhstan) that have nuclear weapons, this means the ambitions START-2 treaty won’t be worth the paper it’s written on.
exercise 6.4
each of the following items contains an error caused by a lack of understanding of theprecise meaning of a subordinating conjunction or by an ignorance of the possible forms of adverbial clauses. Correct the errors.
I learned the English language in a hard way, by immersing myself completely in an English environment. I never really received or took any English courses after that I graduated from high school.
She made a decision to take a risk even she knew there was no contact address for her to trace in the future.
During the first few weeks, he felt that there was a war inside him every time when he took a tablet.
Leora escapes and gets help from her friend, the Wizard, who tells her she must find a balloon and plant it under a tree in the courtyard, saying magic words.
After saying the magic words, the tree begins to quiver and blossom with hundreds and hundreds of balloons that start floating in the air, filling the courtyard, the town and the whole country.
We ask that this journey won't end before we will have dreamt.
exercise 6.5
Each of the following items contains an improperly formed comparative clause. Identify and correct the errors.
(1) While struggling to get ahead in life by studying twice as hard, Alex did not realize
what a lonely life he was leading. [first sentence in story]
I heard my name mentioned on the radio; than I realized what kind of winner I was.
Most of these feminists wish to be strong as men, especially emotionally.
He was a very knowledgeable and smart person that I had never met at that time.
His few closest friends had tried in vain to change that but Alex was unyielding.
My brother is only a year and a half older than me.