- •8.070801 Екологія та охорона навколишнього середовища
- •7.091607 Біотехнологія
- •7.091604 Хімічна технологія палива I вуглецевих матеріалів
- •Text 1. The National Aviation University
- •The Institute of Municipal Activity
- •Faculty of Ecological Safety
- •Useful to know
- •Section 2
- •Text 2. Education Today
- •Useful to know Derivations
- •Section 3 Text 3. New Education Demands
- •Useful to know
- •Section 4
- •Text 4. Higher Education in the uk
- •Useful to know
- •Section 5
- •Text 5. Higher Education in the United States
- •Useful to know
- •Appendix 1 Word-building Suffixes
- •Prefixes
- •Appendix 2 Prepositions of Time
- •Appendix 3 Present Tenses (теперішні часи) Present Indefinite (Simple) (теперішній неозначений (простий))
- •Present Continuous (теперішній тривалий)
- •Present Perfect (теперішній доконаний)
- •Present Perfect Continuous (теперішній тривалий доконаний)
- •Appendix 4 Past Tenses (минулі часи) Past Indefinite (Simple) (минулий неозначений (простий))
- •Past Continuous (минулий тривалий)
- •Past Perfect (минулий доконаний)
- •Past Perfect Continuous ((минулий тривалий доконаний)
- •Appendix 5
Past Perfect (минулий доконаний)
Вживаємо, коли є результат, коли дія відбулася раніше іншої минулої дії
(підмет + доп. дієслово (had) + III форма дієслова)
Індикатори: by 2 o’clock, by that time, by the 1st of September, by Saturday, before smbd did smth
Positive (ствердження) |
Negative (заперечення) |
Interrogative (питання) |
||||||
I |
had |
finished / written |
I |
had not |
finished / written |
Had |
I |
finished / written |
You |
You |
You |
||||||
He |
He |
He |
||||||
She |
She |
She |
||||||
It |
It |
It |
||||||
We |
We |
We |
||||||
They |
They |
They |
||||||
Past Perfect Continuous ((минулий тривалий доконаний)
Вживаємо, коли дія почалася в минулому і ще не закінчилася на момент мовлення
(підмет + доп. дієслова (had + been) + присудок з ing (verb+ing))
Індикатори: since 1992, for a long time
Positive (ствердження) |
Negative (заперечення) |
Interrogative (питання) |
||||||
I |
had |
been working |
I |
had not |
been working |
Had |
I |
been working |
You |
You |
You |
||||||
He |
He |
He |
||||||
She |
She |
She |
||||||
It |
It |
It |
||||||
We |
We |
We |
||||||
They |
They |
They |
||||||
1. Без ing: hate, like, love, trust, agree, see, be, feel, hear, wish, know, believe, find, remember, look, contain etc.
2. did not = didn’t, had not = hadn’t, was not = wasn has not = hasn’t
Appendix 5
НЕПРАВИЛЬНІ ДІЄСЛОВА |
|||
1 ФОРМА |
2 ФОРМА |
3 ФОРМА |
ПЕРЕКЛАД |
be |
was, were |
been |
бути |
beat |
beat |
beaten |
бити |
become |
became |
become |
ставати |
begin |
began |
begun |
починати |
blow |
blew |
blown |
дути |
break |
broke |
broken |
ламати |
bring |
brought |
brought |
приносити |
build |
built |
built |
будувати |
buy |
bought |
bought |
купувати |
catch |
caught |
caught |
ловити |
choose |
chose |
chosen |
вибирати |
come |
came |
come |
приходити |
cost |
cost |
cost |
коштувати |
cut |
cut |
cut |
різати |
do |
did |
done |
робити |
drink |
drank |
drunk |
пити |
drive |
drove |
driven |
їхати |
eat |
ate |
eaten |
їсти |
fall |
fell |
fallen |
падати |
feel |
felt |
felt |
почувати |
fight |
fought |
fought |
боротися |
find |
found |
found |
знаходити |
fly |
flew |
flown |
літати |
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
забувати |
forgive |
forgave |
forgiven |
пробачати |
get |
got |
got |
отримувати |
give |
gave |
given |
давати |
go |
went |
gone |
іти |
grow |
grew |
grown |
рости |
have |
had |
had |
мати |
hold |
held |
held |
тримати |
know |
knew |
known |
знати |
lay |
laid |
laid |
класти |
learn |
learnt |
learnt |
вчити |
leave |
left |
left |
залишати |
lose |
lost |
lost |
губити |
make |
made |
made |
робити |
meet |
met |
met |
зустрічати |
pay |
paid |
paid |
платити |
put |
put |
put |
класти |
read |
read |
read |
читати |
run |
ran |
run |
бігти |
say |
said |
said |
казати |
see |
saw |
seen |
бачити |
send |
sent |
sent |
посилати |
show |
showed |
shown |
показувати |
shut |
shut |
shut |
закривати |
sit |
sat |
sat |
сидіти |
sleep |
slept |
slept |
спати |
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
говорити |
stand |
stood |
stood |
стояти |
swim |
swam |
swum |
плавати |
take |
took |
taken |
брати |
teach |
taught |
taught |
навчати |
tell |
told |
told |
розповідати |
think |
thought |
thought |
думати |
throw |
threw |
thrown |
кидати |
understand |
understood |
understood |
розуміти |
wake |
woke |
woken |
прокидатися |
win |
won |
won |
перемагати |
write |
wrote |
written |
писати |
Список літератури
1. Акмалдінова О.М., Ткаченко С.І., Бугайов О.Є. Англійська мова. Our University: Методична розробка. – К.: НАУ, 2003. – 44 с.
2. Артемова А.Ф., Леонович О.А. First Aid in English: Language and Culture. Навч. Посібник. – М., 2005. – 398 с.
3. Коваленко О.О., Конопляник Л.М. Англійська мова: Методична розробка. – К.: НАУ, 2003. – 76 с.
4. Коганов А.Б. Сучасна англійська мова. – К.: А.С.К., 2002. – 352 с.