1. Find the meaning of these words:

Extraction, illumination, whale, lubricant, illuminating oil, peat, considerable effort, laboriously, well, to drill, completion, to usher, refinery, stage.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. Why was it necessary to use new sources of oil?

2. When was the completion of the well?

3. Where had been discovered oil fields by the end of the century?

3. Find the equivalents to these sentences from the text:

1. Они собирались со значительным усилием и с трудом перевозились туда, где требовался источник энергии.

2. Промышленная революция внесла вечно растущий спрос на более дешёвый и удобный источник смазочных материалов, равно как на светильную нефть.

3. За короткое время недорогая нефть из подземных резервуаров обрабатывалась на уже существующих угольно-нефтеперерабатывающих заводах.

4. Необходимость в лучшем освещении, которое сопровождалось увеличением развития городских центров, сделало необходимым искать новые источники нефти.

4. Unscramble the following words:

letpeurom ________________ ntilliumiano _______________ esoruc ____________________ eegrny ____________________

udliiq ___________________ ncoptemloi _______________ serreriov _________________

5. Write all the following nouns in plural.

Century, seep, illumination, oil, demand, source, coal, effort, form, fuel, time, field.

6.Complete the table ( pay attention to degrees of comparision):

little
early
	better
long
	harder
	cheaper
		the most convenient
	later
flexible

1.4. Significance of oil in modern times

At the beginning of the 20th century the Industrial Revolution had progressed to the extent that the use of refined oil for illuminants ceased to be of primary importance. The oil industry became the major supplier of energy largely because of the advent of the automobile. Although oil constitutes a major petrochemical feedstock, its primary importance is as an energy source on which the world economy depends.

The significance of oil as a world energy source is difficult to overdramatize. The growth in energy production during the 20th century is unprecedented, and increasing oil production has been by far the major contributor to that growth. Every day an immense and intricate system moves more than 60,000,000 barrels of oil from producers to consumers. The production and consumption of oil is of vital importance to international relations and has frequently been a decisive factor in the determination of foreign policy. The position of a country in this system depends on its production capacity as related to its consumption. The possession of oil deposits is sometimes the determining factor between a rich and a poor country. For any country, however, the presence or absence of oil has a major economic consequence.

On a time scale within the span of prospective human history, the utilization of oil as a major source of energy will be a transitory affair of about 100 years. Nonetheless, it will have been an affair of profound importance to world industrialization.

refined oil to cease supplier advent oil constitutes to constitute feedstock unprecedented by far contributor immense intricate system decisive consumption span prospective transitory profound

переработанная нефть переставать, прекращать поставщик переход, наступление нефтяные составляющие составлять подача неслучайный намного вкладчик огромный, громадный сложная система решающий, окончательный потребление, расход размах, охват перспективный, видный кратковременный глубокий. углублённый