2.Meaning

a) Translate into Russian paying special attention to the difference in the meanings of the words and their collocations:

1. to be recognized as critical to the success of the reform, it was critical to our work, he was critical of our work;

2. the available evidence, the information is available to anyone, Are you available for the meeting tomorrow? Is there anyone available to replace her?

3. to apply turnover taxes to consumer goods, to apply to one's duties with energy, to apply to the authorities for assistance, to apply to the university, the rule does not apply to this case, to apply theory to practice;

4. to withhold wage and payroll taxes, a withholding tax, to withhold information from the police, to withhold the truth;

5. to pattern a modern tax system, to pattern a system upon (after) a old model, to pattern oneself after sb.;

6. comprehensive tax reform, a comprehensive review, a man with comprehensive mind;

7. to comply with EU directives, to comply with the law, to comply with sb's request;

8. to lag behind, a time lag;

9. to enforce taxes, to enforce one's argument, to enforce discipline

b) Choose the correct words to complete each sentence:

1. The tax on wages and salaries (and business profits in the US) is called … .In Britain the tax on business is called corporation tax.

a. direct tax b. income tax с. wealth tax

2. A tax that is levied at a higher rate on higher incomes is called a …

tax.

а. progressive b. regressive с. value-added

3. Property taxes, sales taxes, customs duties on imports, and excise duties on tobacco, alcoholic drinks, petrol, etc are ...:.taxes

a. direct b. indirect с value-added

4. Most sales taxes are slightly … because poorer people need to spend

a larger proportion of their income on consumption than the rich.

a. progressive b. regressive с repressive

5. A sales tax collected at each stage of production, excluding the already-taxed costs from previous stages, is called a … .

a. sales tax b. value-added tax с added-value tax

6. Profits made from the sale of assets are liable to a … tax.

a. capital gains b. capital transfer c. wealth

7. Gifts and inheritances are usually liable to …tax.

a. capital gains b. capital transfer с wealth

8. Reducing the amount of tax you pay to a legal minimum is called … .

a. fiscal policy b. tax avoidance с tax evasion

9. Making false declarations is called …and is obviously illegal.

a. creative accounting b. tax avoidance с tax evasion

10. Bringing forward capital expenditure (on new factories, machines, and so on) so that at the end of the year all the profits have been used up is known as making a … .

a. mistake b. tax haven с tax loss

11. Multinational companies often set up their head offices in low-tax countries such as Liechtenstein, Monaco, the Cayman Islands, and the Bahamas, known as … .

a. tax haven b. tax heavens с tax shelters

12.Criminal multinationals such as the Mafia tend to pass money through a series of companies in very complicated transactions in

order to disguise its origin from tax inspectors and the police; this is

known as money … .

a. cleaning b. laundering c. washing