Unit 12.

Ex. 146. Look through the text.

Defendant

A defendant or defender is any party who is required to answer the complaint of a plaintiff or pursuer in a civil lawsuit before a court, or any party who has been formally charged or accused of violating a criminal statute.

A defendant in a civil action usually makes his or her first court appearance voluntarily in response to a summons, whereas a defendant in a Criminal law criminal case is usually taken into custody by police and brought before a court, pursuant to an arrest warrant. The actions of a defendant, and its lawyer counsel, is known as the defence. A respondent is the parallel term used in a proceeding which is commenced by petition.

Historically, a defendant in a civil action could also be taken into custody pursuant to a writ of capias ad respondendum and forced to post bail before being released from custody. However, a modern day defendant in a civil action is usually able to avoid most (if not all) court appearances if he or she is represented by a lawyer whereas a defendant in a criminal case (particularly a felony or indictment) is usually obliged to post bail before being released from custody and must be present at every stage thereafter of the proceedings against him or her. If found guilty, or if the defendant reaches a plea bargain or other settlement with the prosecution, the defendant receives a sentence from the presiding judge. This sentence, however, does not necessarily include the full punishment: social stigma of prosecution and collateral consequences of criminal charges still may have an impact on the defendant.

Ex. 147. Translate the expressions.

pursuer

civil lawsuit

criminal statute

in response to

take into custody

pursuant

arrest warrant

to a writ of

to post bail

release from custody

felony

indictment

reach a plea bargain

thereafter

receive a sentence

social stigma of prosecution

collateral consequences of criminal charges

have an impact on the defendant

non-legalistic

Ex. 148. Make up the sentences using the pattern.

A defendant usually makes his or her first court appearance voluntarily in response to a summons.

1. I can show the diagram 2. The President has issued a statement explaining his policies 3. They made the call to the lawyer 4. We have to refuse 5. She beat him 6. He commenced a counterclaim 7. The pilots organized a strike 8. He made a great party 9. Will you bring a lawsuit 10. The police checked everybody

in response to

his insult. the claim of his wife. the complaint of the neighbour. the news about his entrance the University. the threat of terrorists. this battery? to recent criticism. to the redundancy. your question. your suggestion.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

Ex. 149. Use the proper prepositions.

A defendant is any party who is required to answer the complaint …………… a plaintiff ……………a civil lawsuit before a court, or any party who has been formally accused …………… violating a criminal statute.

A defendant in a civil action usually makes his or her first court appearance voluntarily …………… response …………… a summons. A defendant in a Criminal law criminal case is usually taken …………… custody …………… police and brought before a court, pursuant to an arrest warrant. A modern day defendant …………… a civil action can be represented by a lawyer whereas a defendant …………… a criminal case must be present …………… every stage thereafter of the proceedings …………… him or her. If found guilty, the defendant receives a sentence …………… the presiding judge.

Ex. 151. Link the following notions with proper definitions.

felony impact pursuer custody arrest warrant bail plea bargain indictment lawsuit summons sentence

a claim or complaint against sb that a person or an organization can make in court a person who is following or chasing sb a written statement accusing sb of a crime an arrangement in court by which a person admits to being guilty of a smaller crime in the hope of receiving less severe punishment for a more serious crime an order to appear in court money that sb. agrees to pay if a person accused of a crime does not appear at their trial. When it has been arranged, the accused person is allowed to go free until the trial the act of committing a serious crime such as murder or rape the powerful effect that sth has on sb/sth: the punishment given by a court the state of being in prison, especially while waiting for trial: written permission from a court of law allowing the police to arrest sb.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11

Ex. 150. Find the words from the text.

O	H	P	U	R	S	U	A	N	T	1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
W	A	R	R	A	N	T	T	O	H
D	M	O	D	A	R	C	G	K	E
E	K	C	U	S	T	O	D	Y	R
S	F	E	B	S	Y	M	A	H	E
T	D	E	A	E	U	P	F	F	A
I	S	D	I	N	G	L	F	E	F
G	U	I	L	T	Y	A	I	L	T
M	M	N	V	E	P	I	D	O	E
A	M	G	J	N	O	N	A	N	R
I	O	S	U	C	R	T	V	Y	C
N	N	E	R	E	L	E	A	S	E
G	S	T	T	O	D	V	N	B	A

Ex. 152. Give the adequate translation of the sentences. Pay attention to the underlined words.

1. They issued a warrant for her arrest. 2. The prisoner has served (= completed) his sentence and will be released tomorrow. 3. Her speech made a profound impact on everyone. 4. I shall have to bail my old friend out of the round-house. 5. We fully intend to issue a writ against the newspaper. 6. There is no stigma to being poor. 7. she was released on bail of 1500$. 8. As a result of falling profits we were obliged to close the factory. 9. The company has been served with a writ for breach of contract. 10. He filed a lawsuit against his record company. 11. He reached a plea bargain with the authorities. 12. She received a summons to appear in court the following week. 13. After the riot, 32 people were taken into police custody. 14. The management and unions have reached a settlement over new working conditions. 15. He threatened to bring a private prosecution against the doctor. 16. He suffered a serious injury that obliged him to give up work.

Ex. 153. Choose the proper words and fill the sentences in.

bail, civil, complaint, criminal, custody, defence, guilty, lawsuit, lawyer, punishment, released, sentence, voluntarily, writ

A defendant is any party who is required to answer the …………… of a plaintiff in a civil …………… before a court, or any party who has been formally accused of violating a ……………. statute.

A defendant in a …………… action usually makes his or her first court appearance …………… in response to a summons, whereas a defendant in a criminal case is usually taken into ……………… by police and brought before a court, pursuant to an arrest warrant. The actions of a defendant, and its lawyer counsel, is known as the …………….

Historically, a defendant in a civil action could also be taken into custody pursuant to a ……………. of capias ad respondendum and forced to post bail before being …………… from custody. A modern day defendant in a civil action is usually represented by a ……………. A defendant in a criminal case is usually obliged to post …………… before being released from custody and must be present at every stage thereafter of the proceedings against him or her. If found ……………, the defendant receives a ………….. from the presiding judge. This sentence, however, does not necessarily include the full …………… : social stigma of prosecution may have an impact on the defendant.

Ex. 154. Find Russian equivalents.

capias ad respondendum felony indictment pursuer summons pursuant arrest warrant bail writ to take into custody plea bargain settlement

арестовать, взять под стражу вызов в суд, судебная повестка заклад, залог, поручительство истец обвинительный акт, предъявление обвинения ордер на арест предписание, повестка преступление сделка о признании вины (в наименее тяжком из вменяемых обвинением преступлений) соответствующий судебный приказ об аресте ответчика и о его доставке в суд в определенный день урегулирование; соглашение

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12

Ex. 155. Translate the sentences.

1. Поскольку часть шоссе так разрушилась, что стало невозможно проехать, пришлось установить знак и начать ремонт дороги. 2. Обвиняемых вводили одного за другим и ставили перед ним. 3. Она получила повестку о предстоящем в среду суде. 4. Мы надеялись урегулировать эти проблемы, но противоположная сторона твердо решила подать судебный иск. 5. Он совершил серьезное преступление, и вряд ли приговор будет мягким. 6. Ему пришлось заплатить за брата залог, поскольку полиция задержала его за нарушение общественного спокойствия. 7. Четверо из задержанных по подозрению в совершении этого преступления подростков арестованы, один отпущен под подписку о невыезде. 8. Американские правоохранительные органы готовы арестовать 18-летнего хакера, который сделал один из самых вредоносных вирусов августа. 9. В среду в Бирмингеме полиция арестовала девятерых исламистов, которые собирались похитить и обезглавить английского солдата-мусульманина. 10. Как сообщает корреспондент ИА REGNUM, еще два организатора мошенничества (fraud) были оштрафованы в феврале, однако адвокат ходатайствовал о вызове в суд свидетелей. 11. Если Вам приснилось, что Вы даете поручительство другому человеку, то Вам не избежать проблем. 12. Египетский прокурор отпустил журналистку катарского телеканала "Аль-Джазира", арестованную ранее, под залог в 10 тысяч египетских фунтов (1754$).

Ex. 156. Make up expressions and translate them.

criminal

bail

bargain

an arrest

respondendum

to release

a sentence

settlement

into custody

lawsuit

to take

capias ad

statute

to reach

to receive

from custody

a plea

warrant

to post

civil

Ex. 157. Change the underlined words with synonyms from the table.

1. The research is too unfocused to have any significant effect. 2. They were imprisoned for possession of drugs. 3. He committed a high crime and got a death sentence. 4. I guarantee that he will appear in court. 5. He suffered a serious injury that made it necessary for him to give up work. 6. The young man served an official order to appear in court on Mr. Jackson. 7. The government denied that there had been any accompanying damage (= injury to ordinary people or buildings) during the bombing raid. 8. It took several hours to work out an agreement which was acceptable to both sides. 9. The shame of alcoholism makes it more difficult problem to treat. 10. He was arrested on a charge of theft. 11. He was found guilty and the verdict was three months in prison. 12. The terrorists agreed to set the hostages free after the government paid the ransom.

a summons, accuse, bail, collateral, felony, impact, obliged, release, sentence, settlement, stigma, take into custody

Ex. 158. Translate the sentences.

1. Наоми Кэмпбелл была задержана полицией Манхэттена и отпущена под залог с обязательством явиться в суд на слушание 27 июня. 2. Если решите не присутствовать на заседании, - вышлите в адрес суда ходатайство с просьбой рассмотреть дело без участия истца. 3. Постановлением судьи дело возвращено прокурору ввиду невручения обвиняемому копии обвинительного акта. 4. Глава антитеррористического суда Басры Рагиб аль-Мудафар заявил, что продляет ордер на арест двух британцев, задержанных иракской полицией в Басре в понедельник. 5. Предписание комитета об остановке работ не выполняется. 6. Суд отказался выдать санкции на арест ряда подозреваемых в тяжких преступлениях. 7. Майкл Джексон не явился сегодня в суд в калифорнийском городе Санта-Мария в назначенное время, и судья Родни Мелвилл выдал ордер на его арест. 8. Соглашение о признании вины состоит в достижении договоренности между представителями обвинения и защиты (или самим обвиняемым) о том, что в случае признания своей вины в совершении преступления обвиняемый получит более мягкое наказание.

Ex. 159. Read.

There was the cartoon showing two people fighting over a cow. One was pulling the cow by the tail; the other was pulling on the horns. Underneath was a lawyer milking the cow.

Just for fun!

☺

Ex. 160. Translate both articles and discuss them.

Германия выдала ордера на арест агентов ЦРУ В прокураторе Мюнхена говорят, что дело связано с похищением гражданина Германии ливанского происхождения Халеда Масри. По утверждению самого Масри, он был похищен в Македонии и переправлен в секретную тюрьму в Афганистане. Его отпустили на свободу в Албании после пяти месяцев заключения. Ордера, выданные в Германии, не имеют силы на территории Соединенных Штатов, однако, если подозреваемые лица прибудут в одну из стран Евросоюза, они будут немедленно арестованы.

Известный актер идет под суд Окружной суд Калифорнии выдал ордер на арест известного актера Дэниэла Болдуина, не явившегося на слушание его дела. Болдуин обвиняется в угоне автомобиля, который он совершил в ноябре 2006 года. Полиция задержала актера в Санта-Монике и после проведения обыска в номере мотеля обнаружила наркотики. После составления протокола Болдуин был отпущен под залог в 20 000$ до начала судебного процесса.

Ex.161. Fill in the gaps with the English equivalents of the words in brackets.

1. If the defendant reaches a ……………….. (сделка о признании вины) or other settlement with the prosecution, the defendant receives a more lenient sentence. 2. He was remanded in custody, ……………….(обвиненный) with the murder of a policeman. 3. The full ………………. (воздействие) of changes in computer technology will be felt within the next few years. 4. The company has been served with a …………….. (исковое заявление) for breach of contract. 5. The ………………. (обвинение) was able to establish beyond reasonable doubt that the woman had been lying. 6. The government acted ………………… (в ответ на) economic pressure. 7. She was released after posting $100 cash ………………… (залог) and her driver’s license. 8. She married at 17 and gave birth to her first child shortly ……………………..(после этого). 9. They had a ……………… (ордер) to search the house. 10. The court determined that the ………………… (ответчик) should pay the legal costs. 11. The judge ruled in favour of the …………………. (истец). 12. The management and unions have reached a ……………… (договоренности) over new working conditions. 13. A defendant in a civil action usually makes his or her first court appearance voluntarily in response to ………………… (судебная повестка). 14. After the riot, 32 people were …………………………(взять под стражу) by the police.