The adjective. Degrees of comparison.

The adjective is a part of speech expressing a quality of a substance. Most adjectives have a degree of comparison. The comparative degree denotes a higher degree of a quality. It's formed by the inflexion "er" or by the word "more", if an adjective is compound. For example: She is taller than her sister. It is more interesting job. The superlative degree denotes the highest degrees of a quality. It's formed by the inflexion "est" or by the word "most", if an adjective is compound. The definite article is also used. For example: It's the most comfortable flat. It's the easiest test.

Some adjectives have irregular forms of degrees of comparison. Adjectives are divided into simple derivative and compound. The derivative adjectives have certain suffixes, such as: -less, -ish, -ful, -ible, - able, -ant. The adjective. "snow-white" ^refers to the compound one. To compare two subjects of the same quality we use the adjective in the positive degree between "as...as". For example: He is as young as you. In the negative sentences we use "not so...as". For example: My essay is not so good as yours.

The article.

The article is a structural part of speech used with nouns. There are 2 articles: the indefinite article (a/an), the definite article (the). The usage of the indefinite article implies that the object is presented belonging to a class. It has the meaning: "Какой-нибудь, какой-то один".

The usage of the indefinite article:

18. It's used when we speak about the unknown subject mentioned at first. The article "a" has the meaning "one". For example: He bought a book yesterday.

19. It's used with the numerals before hundred, thousand, million, score and dozen. For example: He has won a thousand rubles.

20. It's used in the explanative sentences. For example: What a clever man!

21. It's used before the countable nouns in the singular number after "such, quite, rather". For example: She is quite a young girl.

Pronouns. Their classification.

22. The personal pronouns have the grammatical category of person, case and number. Personal pronouns have two cases: the nominative case and the objective case. The nominative case includes such pronouns as: I, he, she, it, we, you and they. The objective case consists of me, him, her, it, us, you and them. Personal pronouns may have different functions in the sentence, those of subject, object and predicative. For example: He arranged to meet her at 6 o'clock.

23. Possessive pronouns. There are two forms of possessive pronouns:

8. Conjoint form. The possessive pronoun is always used before the noun which is referred to. In this case the article is never used before the noun. For example: My pencil is on the table.

9. The absolute form. It's used when the possessive pronoun doesn't modify any noun. In this case the possessive pronouns are used instead of nouns. They also may be as subject, object and predicative. For example: This is not my book, mine is over there.

Possessive pronouns are often used before the names of the parts of the body, clothes and things belonging to a person. In this case they are not translated into Russian. For example: The girl dropped her toy and the boy picked it up.

The indefinite pronouns:

1. Much and many. They are used in the interrogative and the negative sentences. "Much" is used with uncountable nouns and "many" with countable ones. For example: I haven't much work to do today.

Has he got many friends in Moscow?

2. Little and few. They are translated with the meaning of "мало". "Little" is used before the uncountable nouns and "few" before the countable ones. For example: I have very little time. He has few friends. Little and few can be used with the indefinite article "a". For example: a little, a few. They mean "немного, несколько". For example: Give me a little water. I have a few books.

3. The pronoun "no". It's used before the noun in the singular and plural number. It means "нет''. When we use the pronoun "no" the article is not used. For example: I have no ticket. I have no mistakes. But if we use the negative particle "not", the article is used. For example: I have not a ticket.

4. Some and any. They are used with the meaning of "некоторое количество, немного, сколько- нибудь". Sometimes they are not translated into Russian. "Some" is used in the affirmative sentences. "Any" is used in the interrogative and negative sentences. "Some" is used before the numerals with the meaning of "приблизительно, около". For example: We waited for her some twenty minutes. "Any" is used with the meaning of "всякий, любой". For example: You may come at any time. "Some" can be used before uncountable nouns with the meaning of "часть". For example: Some of sugar.