Agriculture of the crimea.

Vocabulary

agricultural lands	сельскохозяйственные угодия
catch of fish	добыча рыбы
essential oil cultures	эфиромасличные культуры
food complex	продовольственный
food supply	продовольствие
horticulture	садоводство
internal reservoir	внутренний водоем
landmark	ориентир
outflow of cash	отток денежных средств
perennial plantings	многолетние насаждения
ploughed field	пашня
rape	рапс
raw materials base	сырьевая база
sage	шалфей
seeds	семечковые
state bulk purchase	государственные закупки
stones	косточковые
sub branches	подотрасля
to work out	вырабатывать
viniculture	виноделие
viticulture	виноградарство

The strategic landmark of the development of the agrarian sphere is a creation of strong raw materials base for development of food complex , capable to satisfy not only the needs of population and recreators in the main type of food supply, but also to increase the export potential of traditional Crimean branches: viticulture and viniculture, horticulture.

The total area of agricultural lands of autonomy forms more than 1800 ths.h.including ploughed field – 1262,2 ths.h., perennial plantings – 81,9 ths.h.

The main agricultural regions of the republic are Dzhankoysky, Pervomaysky, Krasnogvardejsky, Saksky, Kirovsky and Simferopolsky regions.

The climatic conditions of the Crimea allow to grow up on its territory the great part of agricultural cultures of the temperate zone and some subtropical cultures.

The horticulture in republic is presented by production of seeds (apples, pears) and stones (plums, peaches, apricots, sweet cherries). The climate of the region is favorable for cultivating essential oil cultures (the rose, lavender, sage), as well as raw materials for production bio fuel (the rape).

The Republic, being the major region of Ukraine in production of grape, is known exactly by its technical sorts, used for manufacturing of the high-quality vines, cognac and juice. About 120 ths. tones of grape are produced a year, and 14-16 mln.dcl. of vine materials are worked out. The export of viniculture products is carried out into 11 countries of the world.

Such sud branches as poultry farming, shep farming, pig raising and cattle breeding present the animal breeding.

The representative branch for autonomy is fishing, which is oriented to increase of catch of fish and other animals in Azov-Chernomorsk’s basin and internal reservoir.

At present the market of Autonomous Republic of Crimea is full of food products, produced outside the region. This leads to outflow of cash from republic. For stimulation of development of Crimean agricultural market is necessary to create the efficient owner, to grow up the feeling of the master on the land, to form land market, to undertake parity policy of the prices on industrial and agricultural products, intervention of the state bulk purchase product of the agrarian sector, to realize weighted financial-credit policy.

1. Read and learn the words of the vocabulary by heart

2. Read the text, translate it into Russian

3. Answer the questions.

1. What is the strategic landmark of the development of the agrarian sphere?

2. Is the total area of lands in the Crimea big enough to develop agriculture?

3. Why do the climatic conditions of the Crimea allow to grow up agricultural cultures?

4. What kind of grape sorts is the republic known?

5. Does the republic have any respective branches?

6. What must the government do for stimulation of development of Crimean agriculture?

4. Retell the text.

CATU

Vocabulary

educational establishment	учебное заведение
forestry	лесоводство
fruit-and-vegetable growing and viticulture	плодоовощеводство и виноградорство
hunting	охотничье хозяйство
improvement of professional skill of heads and experts of agriculture	повышение квалификации руководителей и специалистов сельского хозяйства
land management and cadastre	землеустроительство и кадастр
preparation of experts	подготовка специалистов
technology of fats and fat substitute	технология жиров и жирозаменителей
technology of fermentive producing and winemaking	технология бродильного производства и виноделие
to carry out	проводить
to organize scientific researches	организовывать научные исследования

The history of the educational establishment begins with the Department of Agriculture at Tavrida University in 1918. It received the status of the higher educational institution as the Crimean Institute of Special Cultures in 1923.

In 1936 the Institute of Special Cultures was transformed into the Crimean Agricultural Institute. In 2004 our university was included into the structure of the National Agrarian University and was titled as the Southern Branch “Crimean Agrotechnological University” of the National Agrarian University.

For the years of its existence the educational establishment has prepared 50 thousand experts for agriculture and forestry, veterinary medicine. More than 500 of them are foreign citizens from Western Europe, Asia, Africa, South America. For this period more than 25 thousand agricultural experts from different structures and official categories have raised their qualification in the educational establishment.

The Southern Branch carries out the preparation of experts, improvement of professional skill of heads and experts of agriculture, organizes scientific researches and researching and designing projects.

The preparation of experts is accomplished on the following specialties: Agronomy, Fruit-and-vegetable growing and viticulture, Economics of enterprise, Finance, Account and audit, Management of organizations, Forestry; Landscape design; Hunting; Mechanization of agriculture; Veterinary Medicine; Land management and cadastre, Technology of fats and fat substitute, Technology of fermentive producing and winemaking.

The educational and scientific research complex of the Southern Branch “Crimean Agrotechnological University” of the National Agrarian University is situated in the settlement of Agrarne, Simferopol.

Educational process and scientific activity in the Branch are carried out by the highly qualified science-pedagogical staff of 300 people.

Future specialists are trained for 16 specialties at 8 departments.

1. Read and learn the words of the vocabulary by heart

2. Read the text, translate it into Russian

3. Answer the questions.

1. What do you know about the history of your university?

2. Foreign students can also study at your university, can’t they?

3. What are the main missions of your educational establishment?

4. What is the address of your university?

5. Name all specialties at the university.

4. Retell the text.

KIEV

Vocabulary

abundance	изобилие
Askold’s Grave	Аскольдова могила
beach	пляж
Church of St. Andrey	церковь св. Андрея
cradle	колыбель
Eternal fire	Вечный огонь
picturesque	живописный
research	научно-исследовательский
the Park of Immortal Glory	Парк Вечной Славы
to attract	привлекать
tomb	могила
Unknown Soldier	Неизвестный солдат

Kiev is the capital of Ukraine. It is one of the oldest cities of Europe and therefore there are many historical places in it. It was the capital of ancient Rus, cradle of three fraternal peoples – the Russian, the Ukrainian and the Buelorussian.

Nowadays it is a large political, industrial, scientific and cultural centre of Ukraine. Its population equals nearly 3 million people. It is the Supreme Rada and the Cabinet of Ministers.

Kiev is famous not only for its history (it was called “the Mother of All Rus’ Cities”), but for it beauty, for the abundance of places of historic interest in it. It is situated on the picturesque banks of the Dnieper River.

Kiev’s monuments of the past attract a lot of visitors. They are impressed by Kiev-Pechersky Monastery which stands on a green hill above the Dnieper and its sparkling gold cuprous can be seen from outside the capital. The huge gateway from Volodymyrska Street opens on the territory of another ancient monument – St. Sophia’s Cathedral which is the state architectural and historical preserve. It was founded in 1037 during the reign of Yaroslav the Wise. On the other corner of Volodymyrska Street you can see the Gold Gate. Shevchenko Memorial, Vydubetsky Monastery, Askold’s Grave and Church of St. Andrey are really worth sightseeing too. In the Park or Immortal Glory there is a Tomb of Unknown Soldier, over which an eternal fire burns.

There are a lot of museums in Kiev: the Historical Museum of Ukrainian Art, the Museum of Western and Oriental Art, Shevchenko Museum, Lesya Ukrainka Memorial Museum and others.

Kiev is the center of Ukrainian culture. Many research institutes and higher education establishments are to be found here. It is famous for its theatres and concert halls such as Taras Shevchenko Opera and Ballet Theatre, Musical Comedy Theatre, Puppet Theatre, Conservatoire and Philharmonics, the Concert Hall “Ukraine”. The performance stranded at there theatres are always of great demand.

The picturesque green banks and hills, plentiful flowerbeds with millions of different flowers, wonderful beaches of Dnieper, Kreshchatik, one of the widest and most beautiful streets in our country – all this adds up to the beauty of Ukrainian capital.

1. Read and learn the words of the vocabulary by heart

2. Read the text, translate it into Russian

3. Answer the questions.

1. Why can we say that Kiev is one of the oldest cities in Ukraine?

2. What museums do you know in Kiev?

3. You know Kiev’s sightseeing, don’t you?

4. Which is the most impressive monastery in Kyiv?

5. What is Kiev famous for except its own history?

4. Retell the text.

CRIMEA