II. Образование Наречий

Adjective + -ly = Adverb

Slow-slowly

bad-badly

careful- carefully

heavy-heavily

easy-easily

The river is very slow. The water flows slowly.

I am a bad football player. I play football badly.

He is very careful. He does everything very carefully.

It is heavy rain. It rains heavily.

This task is easy. He does it easily.

III. Особенности употребления некоторых прилагательных и наречий

a) hard, fast, late, early, far, near, little, much являются прилагательными и наречиями:

Прилагательные (какой?)	Наречия (как?)
this work is very hard. My friend is a fast runner. I’m sorry, I’m too late/early. It is a far journey. We are near friends.	I work hard. He runs very fast. I often come late/early. She travels far from here. Don’t go away, stay somewhere near.

!!! Обратите внимание на различия в значениях прилагательных и образованных от них наречий:

nearly – почти

It’s nearly two o’clock.

lately – в последнее время

I haven’t seen him lately.

hardly – едва ли, вряд ли

Сравните:

He works hard. He hardly works.

!!! good (adjective) —> well (adverb)

Сравните:

Your mark is very good. It was a good game.

You know the rule very well. They played well.

well является прилагательным в значении «здоров, в порядке»:

How are you? – I’m very well, thank you.

Сравните:

He is good. He is well.

Упражнение 26. Заполните пропуски глаголами из рамки (в нужной форме) А и наречиями из рамки В:

Пример: This information is very important, __(i) to me very __(ii) .

This information is very important, listen to me very attentively .

i) listen, ii) attentively;

А

explain, listen, speak, know, come, work, sing, stop, read, play, draw

В

attentively, badly, loudly, immediately, quickly, well, slowly, hard, clearly, late, beautifully

1. He likes to sing. He usually __(a) __(b).

2. The students __(c) __(d) before the exams.

3. I am afraid you don’t __(e) the subject __(f).

4. It is difficult our teacher of English because she __(g) __(h)

5. Can you __(i) your idea __(j)? I don’t understand anything so far.

6. The team __(k) __(l), they always lose.

7. My son is only six, he __(m) __(n).

8. It’s late! __(o) that noise __(p)!

9. Jane is an artist, she __(q) __(r).

10. Some students always __(s) __(t) to their classes.

Упражнение 27. Заполните пропуски, используя good или well:

Пример: Your Russian is very good. You speak Russia very well.

1. Betty is a very __ student.

2. She knows all the subjects __.

3. How is your mother? Is she __?

4. I don’t know her __, I see her for the second time.

5. We like your house, it’s very __.

6. Their baby sleeps __ at night.

7. She likes maths but she isn’t very __ at it.

8. The furniture in this shop is __ but too expensive.

9. I can do this exercise __.

10. This carpet is quite __, I like it.

b) BE /GET/BECOME /SEEM /LOOK(ВЫГЛЯДЕТЬ)/ FEEL/ SOUND/TASTE/ SMELL + A

!!! Но: feel well

Упражнение 28. Прилагательное или наречие?

1.Don't go so quick/quickly. 2.Why do you look so angry/angrily? 3. Why are you always so slow/slowly? 4. He is a very careful/carefully driver. 5. He drives very careful/carefully. 6. My sister always studies hard/hardly for her examinations. 7. Children, be quiet/quietly! 8. It snows heavy/heavily in winter. 9. My friend speaks perfect/perfectly Spanish. 10. She speaks Spanish perfect/perfectly. 11. John plays the piano good/well. 12. It is a nice/nicely flat. 13. Tim runs quick/quickly. 14. He is a quick/quickly runner. 15. The sun shines bright/brightly in July. 16. This soup tastes strange/strangely. 17. I always feel happy/happily when I see you. 18. He always gets angry/angrily when somebody asks him about his past. 19. What’s the matter? You look awful/awfully. Are you all right? 20. Go home, it’s very late/lately.

IV. Степени Сравнения Прилагательных и Наречий

Односложные и некоторые двусложные прилагательные и наречия
Положительная степень	Сравнительная степень	Превосходная степень
small	small+ -er = smaller	small+ -est=smallest
late	late+ -er = larger	late+ -est=largest
big	big+ -er = bigger	big+ -est=biggest
happy	happy+ -er = happier	happy+ -est=happiest
двусложные и многосложные прилагательные и наречия
interesting easily	more interesting more easily	most interesting most easily
Исключения
good/well bad/badly** little many/much old far	better worse less more older elder (в семье) farther (о расстоянии) further ( о времени)	best worst least most oldest eldest farthest furthest

*перед прилагательным в превосходной степени всегда стоит определенный артикль.

**badly употребляется также в значении «сильно», «очень»:

I miss you badly. – Я очень по тебе скучаю.

• Для усиления сравнительной и превосходной степени прилагательного или наречия употребляется слово much:

This room is much lighter that mine. – Эта комната гораздо/намного светлее моей.

• Для обозначения более низкой или самой низкой степени качества используются less и the least:

He is less clever than we think of him.

This is the least difficult thing for me.

Упражнение 29. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень прилагательных:

hot long many short great fat

nice comfortable bad warm tall high

light clean dry wide important little

busy fine young poor beautiful easy

new good quick fresh cool 30. clear

Упражнение 30. Заполните таблицу:

Положительная степень	Сравнительная степень	Превосходная степень
	dirtier
difficult
heavy
	happier
dangerous
	newer
		the least
	busier
		the noisiest
modern

Упражнение 31. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму прилагательного, дайте полные ответы на вопросы:

1. Which is (good): a house or a flat? 2. Which is (comfortable): a stool or an armchair? 3. Which is the (large) city in the USA? 4. Which is the (old) underground in the world? 5. Which is the (deep) lake in the world? 6. Which is (long): the Mississippi or the Amazon? 7. What is the name of the (wide) street in Moscow? 8. is the island of Great Britain (small) than Greenland? 9. What is the name of the (high) mountain in the world? 10. Which is the (good) place in the world?

Упражнение 32. Переведите на английский язык:

1. Его работа трудная.

2. Ваша работа труднее.

3. Моя работа самая трудная.

4. Том живет далеко.

5. Джон живет дальше.

6. Боб живет дальше всех.

7. Это интересная книга.

8. Та книга менее интересна.

9. Я читаю самую интересную книгу.

10. Эта улица гораздо чище вашей (улицы).