Ex.8. A. Complete the following short conversations. Work in pairs.

- Do you happen to know where my dictionary is?

- It seems to...

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- Tom is considered to be a well-mannered person, isn’t he?

- Oh, no. On the contrary. He is known to...

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- What is Fanny doing in the garden?

- She seems to...

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- I expected much more from the book. It didn’t impress me at all.

- Did it turn out to...?

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- Where is Jack? Is he going to come to the party?

- Oh, yes. He is sure to...

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- Why was the boy made to leave the classroom?

- He was made to leave the classroom because he...

B. Make up similar short conversations of your own. Work in pairs.

HOMEWORK EXERCISES

Step Three. Complex Subject.

Ex.1. Review the forms of infinitives. Then supply the correct form of the infinitives given in brackets. Translate the sentences. 1. He seems (to choose) books for a whole hour. 2. David looks sad. He appears (to hear) some bad news. 3. They happen (to pick) the wrong person for the job. 4. Ray is said (to be) energetic and knowledgeable. 5. Everybody thought that he had caught a cold, but the illness turned out (to be) serious. 6. The manager is sure (to employ) more people to do the work. 7. John is considered (to be) interested in politics, but he doesn’t seem (to like) it. 8. The children were not allowed (to play) noisy games indoors. 9. They appear (to read) something very funny. They are laughing loudly. 10. I never had a minute to myself. I was made (to look after) my younger sisters and brothers.

Ex.2. Answer the questions by using the phrases in brackets. Write your answers down. Example: Why are you late? (happened / to take the wrong bus) - We happened to take the wrong bus. 1. Why isn’t he listening to what the speaker is saying? (seems / not to be interested in the subject). 2. Was he at home when you came? - No, (turned out / to be at work). 3. I can’t see Tom here. Is he coming? - Yes, (sure / to come). 4. Did you watch the film «To Die Young»? - No, I didn’t. It was on late, and (not allowed to stay up late). 5. Why wasn’t George present at the lesson? - He disrupted the class and (made / to leave) the classroom. 6. There was a vacancy in the office. Was Lotta employed? - No, (appeared / not to be fit) for the job.

Ex.3. Paraphrase the sentences by using Complex Subject. The highlighted words should become the first part of the complex. Change the form of the pronoun where necessary. Example: It appears to me he is not fit for the job. - He doesn’t appear to be fit for the job. 1. It seems to me he wears the same suit for the entire year. 2. They made him understand that his behaviour was not too nice. 3. I suppose his new job is a turning point in his career. 4. They say tastes change with age. 5. I am sure Jane will take your opinion into account. 6. It happens so that I forgot her address. 7. As it turned out he was in love with her. 8. Nobody considered Jim a well-mannered person.

Ex.4. Translate into English: 1.Ты случайно не видела Ольгу? - Кажется она в библиотеке. 2. Я долго искала свою ручку. Оказалось, что она была у моей сестры в сумке. 3. Почему он уволился со своей работы (resign from his job)? – Его заставили сделать это. 4. Его считали трудолюбивым учеником, не так ли? – Вовсе нет. (Not at all). Его знали, как самого ленивого ученика в школе. 5. Говорят, он сидит перед телевизором, как приклеенный, каждый день.

Step Four. The Infinitive With and Without «to».

Ex.1. There are a lot of verbs which are followed by the infinitive with the particle «to». They are: to agree, to invite, to refuse, to promise, to offer, to manage, to fail, to decide, to plan, to arrange, to hope, to pretend, to warn, to forget, to learn, to afford, etc. If the infinitive is negative «not» is used before it, for example: We decided not to go out because of the nasty weather.

A. Fill in the gaps with a suitable verb: 1. Don’t forget....the letter I gave you. 2. Tom refused...me any money. 3. Jill has decided not...her car. 4. The thief got into the house because I had forgotten...the window. 5. There was a lot of traffic, but we managed...to the airport on time. 6. I’ve arranged...tennis this afternoon. 7. One day I’d like...to drive a car. 8. I shouted to him, he pretended not..., but I am sure he did. 9. It was nice of Jerry to offer...my heavy bag. 10. I can’t afford...abroad for my holiday, it’s too expensive for me. B. Write down a few sentences of your own with the above given verbs.

Ex.2. After the verbs: to ask, to decide, to know, to remember, to forget, to explain, to understand, to tell, to show you can use question words: what, where, how, etc. + the infinitive with «to». For example: Can anybody show me how to change the film in this camera? Complete each sentence by using one of the question words and one of the following verbs: to do, to say, to use, to keep, to cook, to get out, to spend, to get.

1. Have you decided ...for dinner this evening? 2. Do you happen to know...to the station? 3. Can you show me...the washing machine? 4. Has she made up her mind...her holiday? 5. Do you know...of the building if there is a fire? 6. I was so shocked, I didn’t know... 7. I have no idea...with the car. It won’t start. 8. She failed...her promise.

Ex.3. Complete each sentence with «to» + infinitive as you think fit:

1. Not many people can afford... 2. I would like... 3. One day I hope... 4. I don’t remember... 5. He explained to me... 6. I want you to show me... 7. He pretended... 8. I didn’t manage... 9. She refused... 10. I forgot... 11. We asked him... 12. He failed...

Ex.4. In exclamatory sentences beginning with «why» the infinitive is used without «to». The sentences are translated into Russian as: Зачем? Почему бы? Example: If you are fond of making new designs, why not become a fashion designer? - Если тебе нравится создавать новые модели, почему бы тебе не стать модельером?

A. Read and translate the sentences: 1.Why disturb him? 2. Why not teach him a good lesson? 3. Why pretend you don’t care? 4. Why not arrange a nice party? 5. Why laugh at her? 6. Why worry? 7. Why not join us? 8. Why argue about it?

B. Change the sentences by using «why» + infinitive (without «to»). Example: Let’s go to the park! - Why not go to the park? 1. Let’s hope for the best! 2. Let’s pretend we know nothing about it! 3. Let’s not discuss it now! 4. Let’s go to the theatre tonight! 5. Let’s make a film about London! 6. Let’s evaluate the project! 7. Let’s watch a soap opera! 8. Let’s complete the job!

Ex.5. Respond to the following situations. Give complete sentences. Example: What would you say if your friend wanted to arrange a party? - If my friend wanted to arrange a party, I’d say: «Why not do it tonight?» 1. What would you say to your friends if they wanted to go to the theatre, but had no tickets? 2. What would you say to your sister if you knew she prefers influencing people? 3. What would you tell your mother if she asked you to wash the dirty dishes immediately? 4. What would you tell your teacher if she wanted you to take a test today? 5. What would you say to a stranger if he pushed you and didn’t apologize? 6. What would you tell your brother if he were watching TV all day?