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ENVIRONMENT методичка по английскому.doc
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Glossary

Acid rain rain that is harmful to trees and buildings because it has be-

come mixed with smoke from factories and power stations.

Air quality how clean or dirty the air is in a particular town or place.

Sometimes the air quality is so bad that people have to stay indoors.

Alternative alternative methods are very different from the methods

which have been used for a long time, and which people re­gard as normal, but they are usually less harmful. Scientists are searching for alternative sources of energy.

Atmosphere the mixture of air and gases that surrounds the Earth.

Car pool a group of car owners who agree to drive everyone in the

group to work от school on different days, so that only one car is used at a time,

CFCs (also chlorofluorocarbons) chemicals that damage the ozone

layer. CFCs are used especially in refrigerators and in some aerosols.

Congestion when there are too many cars on a road, so that the traffic

moves very slowly. If people lived closer to their jobs, there would be less congestion on the freeways.

Ecology is the science of how living things are related to their envi-

ronment.

Electric car a car that uses special batteries, instead of petrol, as its

source of power.

Endangered if a type of plant or animal is endangered, it may soon no

longer exist.

Endangered = one that may soon no longer exist. The black rhino is an

species endangered species and is protected by law. Wolves used

to be common throughout Europe, but they are now an

endangered species.

Environment the air, water, and land where people, animals, and plants

live, and the way all these things depend on each other, so that life can continue.

Environmental use this to talk about things that affect the environment, es­pecially problems and damage to the environment. Public transportation systems can help to reduce environmental pollution.

Environmental a group of people that aims to protect the environment, for group example by spreading information and trying to make gov-

ernments change their policy.

Environmentally causing less harm to the environment. friendly

Exhaust fumes = fumes from cars.

Extinct if a type of plant or animal is extinct, it no longer exists.

Fertilizer a mixture of chemicals used by farmers to help crops grow.

Flooding when an area of land becomes covered with water.

Fumes harmful gas or smoke, for example from factories or cars,

which damage the environment and people's health.

Global warming the idea that the Earth's weather is gradually becoming warmer because of pollution.

Green use this to talk about things connected with protecting the

environment, such as ideas and policies, or products you can buy that don't affect the environment.

Green issues - ideas about the environment that are discussed in meet-

ings, newspapers, on television etc. People are becoming more aware of green issues, such as the need to reduce road traffic.

Green products = that do not harm the environment. They sell green prod­ucts such as recycled paper and organic vegetables.

Greenhouse the gradual warming of the Earth caused by gases that stop

effect heat from leaving the Earth atmosphere.

Greenhouse gas a gas that forms layer around the Earth and stops beat from leaving the atmosphere.

Habitat the natural home of a plant or animal. Cutting down the for-

est will destroy the habitat of thousands of birds and ani­mals.

Harm / damage / pollute the environment. Local people are protesting be- destroy cause the planned new road will destroy the environment.

Natural habitat = used especially when you are comparing it with an un­natural habitat, such as a zoo. This snake's natural habitat is the Amazonian jungle.

Organic organic fruit, meat, and vegetables have been produced

without using chemicals.

Ozone layer a layer of gases around the Earth that protects us by stop-

ping harmful light from the sun reaching the Earth.

Pesticide a mixture of chemicals used by farmers to kill insects or

small animals.

Pollutant a substance that pollutes the environment. Scientists have

discovered that the fish are being killed by pollutants in the water.

Polluter someone or something that damages the environment with

harmful chemicals or waste.

Pollution damage caused to the environment by harmful chemicals or

waste.

Power station a building where electricity is produced.

Protect the environment. New laws are being introduced to protect

the environment from industrial gases that cause acid rain.

Protected species = one that is protected by laws, so that it is illegal to kill it or harm it.

Protest (noun) when a group of people conies together to show that they think something is wrong and they want it to be changed.

Protest (verb) " to publicly say or do something to show that you think something is wrong and you want it to be changed.

Protester someone who protests against something.

Public transport /public transportation (Am.) bus and train services provided (Brit.) for everyone to use.

Rainforest a tropical forest with tall trees that are very close together,

growing in a part of the world where it rains a lot: a campaign to stop the destruction of the rainforests.

Recycle (verb) to take materials that have already been used, and to put them through a special process so that they can be used again.

Recycled paper/plastic/glass etc. All the bottles we use are made from

recycled glass.

Renewable energy that is always replaced naturally after it has been

energy used.

Renewable = something that can provide renewable energy, e.g. the

energy sources wind, waves, and the sun.

Skin cancer a skin disease that can kill people, caused by ultraviolet

light.

Smog dirty brown air in cities that is a mixture of fog, smoke, and

harmful gases.

Solar power energy from the sun, used to make electricity and to heat

water.

Species a group of animals or plants of the same kind. The coast is

home to many species of birds.

Sustainable if wood is from a sustainable source, it is from a forest

source where the trees can be replaced as quickly as they are cut

down.

Threaten (verb) if something threatens the environment or a type of plant or animal, it is damaging it and may eventually destroy it. Economic development and rapid population growth threaten the entire planet.

Toxic waste poisonous waste from industry.

Ultraviolet light a part of sunlight that humans cannot see. It can be harmful but most of it does not normally reach the Earth.

Wave power energy from movement of the sea, used to make electricity.

Wildlife animals and plants living and growing in natural conditions.

Wind power energy from the wind, used to make electricity and to make

machines work. Woodland an area covered with trees in the northern part of the world,

especially Europe.

СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

  1. Дроздова, Т. The Whole World in Our Hands: The Environmental Cri­sis; Учеб. пособие / Т. Дроздова, А. Берестова. - СПб.: Химера, 1999.

  2. Pavlova, T.V. Guide to Environmental Issues. Part И. (Экология в тер­минах и понятиях.). - М.: Moscow Publisher IIUEP, 1998.

  3. Положинцев, Б.И. Экология в терминах и понятиях: В 2 т. /Б.И. Положинцев. - СПб.: Химера, 1999.

  4. Speak Out. - Kiev. - 1999. - № 2-3.

  5. Singer, Andre. Battle for the Planet. - London: Foreword © Jonathon Porrit, 1987.

  6. The Arctic Nuclear Challenge: Volume 3. - Bellona Report, Oslo: Bel-lona,2001.

  7. Longman Essential Activator. - London: Addison Wesley Longman Limited, 1997.

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