- •Теплоэнергетика
- •Module I
- •Participial Constructions The Absolute Participial Construction
- •I. The Absolute Participle Construction with p I (non-prepositional)
- •II. The Prepositional Absolute Participle Construction with p I
- •III. The Absolute Participle Construction with p II (non-prepositional)
- •IV. The Prepositional Absolute Participle Construction with p II
- •Self-Training Exercises
- •Translate the sentences into Russian and explain the difference between p I and p II. Define the functions:
- •Translate into English using the p II:
- •3. Define the Participial Construction with p I after the determinate word. Note that Participles should be translated in the tense in which the predicate of the main clause is used:
- •Define the Participial Constructions with p I, translate the sentences:
- •Translate the sentences. Define the Participial Constructions with Perfect Participle:
- •Active Words and Expressions
- •Electrical Current Serves Us In a Thousand Ways
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the participle:
- •Form four sentences using the words given below:
- •Give short answers to the following questions:
- •Translate the following sentences:
- •Text 2 Energy Active Words and Expressions
- •Exercises
- •Find the participle in the text and define its function.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the participle:
- •Compare a and b and define the function of the participle:
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Absolute Participle Construction:
- •Give short answers to the following questions:
- •Module II The Gerund
- •Признаки герундия
- •Перевод герундия на русский язык
- •The Gerund can be used:
- •Text 1 Lightning Active Words and Expressions
- •Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the Gerund:
- •Complete the following sentences using the Gerund according to the model given below:
- •Find the Gerund in the text, define its function.
- •Put questions to the words in bold type:
- •Form verbs from the following nouns:
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the words in bold type:
- •Text 2 Active Words and Expressions
- •Atmospheric Electricity
- •Exercises Complete the following sentences using the Gerund
- •Translate the following sentences using the Gerund.
- •Find the Gerund in the text, define its function:
- •A) Fill in the blanks with suitable verbs, wherever necessary.
- •What questions are answered by the words in bold type in the following sentences?
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to both, both…and:
- •Fill in the blanks with prepositions:
- •Translate into Russian:
- •Form five sentences combining suitable parts of the sentence given in columns I and II:
- •Describe Franklin’s kite experiment.
- •Give a short summary of the text. Module III
- •Infinitive
- •Формы инфинитива
- •Функции инфинитива в предложении
- •Text 1 From the History of Electricity
- •1. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive:
- •2. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the words in bold type:
- •3. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the Infinitive:
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the words one or for:
- •9. Explain the meaning of the following compound words:
- •10. Retell Volta’s biography. Text 2 Electric Current
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following sentences and define the Infinitive constructions:
- •2. According to the models given below form sentences combining suitable parts of the sentence given in сolumns 1, 2, 3, 4.
- •3. Translate the following sentences using the Infinitive:
- •4. Make up questions and answer them. Work in pairs:
- •Explain why:
- •Define the meaning of the following words:
- •7. The following statements are not true to fact. Correct them:
- •8. Give headings to each paragraph of the text.
- •9. Put two questions to each paragraph of the text. Ask your partner to answer them.
- •10. Give an abstract of the text. Библиографический список
Exercises Complete the following sentences using the Gerund
Model: She cannot read English without…
She cannot read English without consulting a dictionary.
My friend went home instead of… 2. The students went on… 3. When the teacher entered the classroom the students stopped… 4. Have you finished… 5. I went to bed after… 6. The friends spoke of… 7. You must turn the light off before…
Translate the following sentences using the Gerund.
1. Прежде чем делать опыты, необходимо проводить наблюдения. 2. Много лет назад люди научились защищать свои дома от ударов молнии. 3. Существуют различные способы получения электрического тока. 4. Ученые продолжали изучать новое явление. 5. Пирометр используется для измерения температуры горячих металлов. 6. Франклин изобрел громоотвод для защиты зданий от ударов молнии. 7. Ходить пешком очень полезно. 8. Атомный реактор используется для получения атомной энергии.
Find the Gerund in the text, define its function:
A) Fill in the blanks with suitable verbs, wherever necessary.
b) Answer the following questions:
1. What … the earliest manifestation of electricity? 2. What … electricity? 3. What … the early Scandinavians think about thunderstorms? 4. Who … burning millions of tons of coal? 5. What property … Thor’s hammer? 6. Who … invented the lightning conductor? 7. What experiments … Lomonosov and Rihman make? 8. What device … constructed by Rihman? 9. Who … constructed the first measuring device?
What questions are answered by the words in bold type in the following sentences?
1. Benjamin Franklin made his kite experiment. 2. Nobody understood that phenomenon. 3. The story of his kite is known all over the world. 4. On a stormy day Franklin and his son went into the country. 5. The key was connected to the lower end of the string. 6. Soon the kite was flying high among the clouds. 7. The electric sparks proved that lightning is a discharge of electricity. 8. The wet string conducted the electricity. 9. Franklin invented the lightning conductor.
Translate the following sentences paying attention to both, both…and:
1. The students made two experiments: they were both interesting and useful. 2. Both scientists studied atmospheric electricity. 3. Both of us will work in the Institute laboratory to morrow. 4. Both Lomonosov and Rihman were great scientists; both of them worked at atmospheric electricity. 5. Both these devices were constructed in Moscow. 6. Electricity is used both in industry and in everyday life. 7. Both nuclear power and solar energy will be widely used in the future. 8. Lightning and atmospheric electricity are one and the same thing: both of them are used in literature. 9. Many scientists and inventors; both Russian and foreign, have greatly contributed to the development and practical application of the electric current. 10. Both chemical energy and mechanical energy can be changed into electricity.