- •Российский государственный торгово-экономический университет Учебник для студентов торгово-экономических специальностей английский язык
- •Содержание
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 1 – 3
- •I. Complete the sentences using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Insert the right preposition
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 4-6
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Complete the sentences with can, could, be able to, must, have to, be to, should in appropriate forms. Use several options and translate the sentences.
- •IV. Insert the right preposition.
- •V. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 7-8
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Fill in the right preposition
- •III. Match the words to make pairs
- •IV. Combine the sentences using Past Simple and Past Perfect.
- •V. Make comparisons using more - the most; better – the best; as…as; not so as; -er, -est where necessary.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 10
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 9-10
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Put the following sentences into the Reported Speech.
- •III. Insert the right preposition.
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Unit 11
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 12
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 13
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 14
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 13, 14
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Open the brackets using conditionals.
- •III. Put the verbs into the right form.
- •IV. Rewrite the following sentences using Complex Subject.
- •Resource File. Activate your Grammar.
- •Text Bank Unit 1. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 2. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 5 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 6 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it. The Sales Manager
- •Unit 7 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 8. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 9. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 10. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Present Continuous
- •3. Present Simple
- •4. Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
- •5. Past Simple
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in the past simple tense.
- •6. Past Continuous
- •7. Past Simple vs Past Continuous.
- •8. Present Perfect Simple
- •9. Present Perfect vs Past Simple
- •Compare
- •Compare these sentences.
- •10. Present Perfect Continuous
- •Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Continuous. Compare these sentences
- •12. Past Perfect
- •13. Future Forms
- •2. Be going to (do)
- •3. Present Continuous1 with a future meaning.
- •4. Present Simple with a future meaning.
- •5. Future Continuous
- •Ex. 1. Put the following sentences in the negative and question forms (yes/no questions).
- •Ex. 2. Put the verbs into the correct form.
- •Ex. 3. Make one sentence from two sentences.
- •Ex. 4. Are you (your friend, your parents) going to do/ not going to do these things tomorrow?
- •Ex. 5. Put the verb in the correct form using will or going to.
- •Ex. 6. What will these people be doing tomorrow from 8 till 8-30 in the morning?
- •Ex. 7. Write some sentences about your plans for the next few days.
- •Ex. 8. Choose the correct verb form in the following pairs of sentences.
- •14. Revision of Tenses
- •15. Modal Verbs (Basic Rules)
- •2. Must – have to – be to
- •Ex. 5. Put in must or have to.
- •Ex. 6. Put in must or had to.
- •Ex. 7. Make questions with have to.
- •Ex. 8. Make negative sentences with have to.
- •Ex. 9. Underline the correct verb form.
- •4. Should (do)
- •1. General Questions
- •2. Special Questions
- •3. Alternative questions
- •17. Reported Speech
- •Verb in the past.
- •18. There (is) and It (is)
- •Ex. 3. Complete the dialogue with used to or didn’t use to.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •20. Conditionals Type 1
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense using type 1 conditional.
- •Ex. 2. Open the brackets using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 3. Give advice using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 5. Rewrite the following story using type 3 conditional.
- •E.G. If Ron hadn’t slept until twelve yesterday, he wouldn’t have failed the exam. Continue rewriting the story. Ex. 6. Match the following parts of the sentence
- •Ex. 8. Translate the sentences into English.
- •21. Passive Voice
- •22. Complex Subject
- •Ex. 1. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Ex. 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the Complex Subject.
- •Ex. 3. Translate the sentences into English.
- •23. Gerund
- •25. Participles
- •Participle I has four forms:
- •26. Complex Object
- •27. Articles
- •28. Pronouns
- •Demonstrative pronouns
- •29. Some, Any, No
- •30. Compound pronouns.
- •31. Much, Many, Little, Few, a Lot (of)
- •32. Adjectives and Adverbs
- •33. Comparisons
- •Irregular Forms.
- •2. The same as
- •34. Other and Another
- •Ex. 1. Fill in the blanks with other, another, the other.
- •Ex. 2. Insert other or others.
- •We write ’ after nouns in plural
- •We use the possessive (’s) structure when the first noun is the name of a person, group of people, animal, organization, country.
- •E.G. Rules: club / football
- •36. So and Such
- •37. Enough and Too
- •Compare:
- •Ex. 3. Use too or enough.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •38. Relative Сlauses
- •39. Prepositions At / on / in (time)
- •E.G. On Monday
- •For / During
- •In / at and to (places and directions)
- •40. Irregular Verbs
- •41. Word-Formation
- •42. Abbreviation List
Vocabulary
1. additional (adj) - дополнительный
additional benefits — дополнительные льготы
Syn: extra
2. avoid (v) - избегать, остерегаться
avoid smth / doing smth
E.g. Our new strategy helped us to avoid additional costs – Наша новая стратегия помогла нам избежать дополнительных расходов.
3. break into a market (broke-broken) - выходить на рынок
E.g. When did the company break into the world market? - Когда эта компания вышла на мировой рынок?
4. challenge (n, C) - сложная задача, проблема, вызов
E.g. What challenges of the XXIst century does your country face? – С какими проблемами XXI века сталкивается Ваша страна?
5. consistent (adj) – последовательный, постоянный
a consistent foreign policy of a country – последовательная внешняя политика страны
consistently (adv) - последовательно
6. customer base - клиентура
7. distributor (n, C) - дистрибьютор, распространитель
distribute (v) - распределять, распространять
distribution (n, U) – распространение, распределение
8. establish (v) – устанавливать, основывать, учреждать
E.g. Recently they have established friendly relations with a new Canadian company. – Недавно они установили дружеские отношения с новой канадской компанией.
Syn: set up
the establishment of a new business – создание нового бизнеса
9. get in touch with smb - связаться с кем-л.
E.g. How can I get in touch with this company? – Как можно связаться с этой компанией?
to be in touch with smb — поддерживать контакт c кем-л.
10. keep up with smb/smth (v) – держаться наравне, не отставать
E.g. Do you manage to keep up with the new trends in business? – Вам удается не отставать от последних тенденций в бизнесе?
11. maintain (v) – поддерживать
to maintain good business relations – поддерживать хорошие деловые отношения
12. monitor (v) – контролировать, наблюдать
13. order (n, C) – заказ
to place an order for smth with some company – размещать заказ на что-л. в некой компании
E.g. We place regular orders for computers with this company. – Мы регулярно размещаем заказы на компьютеры в этой компании.
to take an order — принимать заказ
E.g. Has the operator taken your order? — Оператор принял Ваш заказ?
to cancel an order — отменить заказ
to be heavy with orders — иметь много заказов
order (v) – заказывать
14. perform (v) - исполнять, выполнять
to perform a contract — выполнять условия контракта
performance (n, U) – исполнение, деятельность
15. prefer (v) предпочитать
to prefer smth to smth/doing smth to doing smth
E.g. I prefer a full-time job to a part-time job. – Я предпочитаю работу на полную ставку частичной занятости.
E.g. He prefers meeting his customers face-to-face to telephoning them. – Он предпочитает встречаться с заказчиками лично, а не звонить им.
preferable (adj) - предпочтительный
preference (n, С) - предпочтение; преимущество
customer preferences – потребительские предпочтения
16. sales force – продавцы, торговые работники
E.g. Our sales force is experienced and hard-working. – Наши продавцы опытны и трудолюбивы.
17. senior (adj) - старший (по возрасту или по социальному положению)
Senior Manager – старший менеджер
Ant: junior
a junior manager - младший менеджер
a middle manager - менеджер среднего звена
18. sufficient (adj) - достаточный; достаточное количество
E.g. We have sufficient funds to start a new product line. – У нас достаточно средств, чтобы запустить новую линию товаров.
19. supervise (v) - смотреть (за чем-л.)
to supervise the performance of the contract – смотреть за исполнением контракта
supervision (n, U) - контроль
under smb.'s supervision — под чьим-л. контролем
20. take part in smth (v) - принимать участие в чем-л.
Syn: participate in smth
21. target (n, С) - цель; задание
to meet / achieve a target – достигать цели
to set a target — определить цель
E.g. The establishment of beneficial economic relations with European countries is our main target – Установление выгодных экономических отношений с европейскими странами является нашей главной целью.
target (v) – предназначать, выбирать в качестве целевой аудитории
E.g. Reebok targets the sports market – Целевой рынок компании Reebok - это рынок спортивных товаров.
22. trial (adj) – пробный
a trial order — пробный заказ
to be on trial – находиться на испытательном сроке
to take smb on trial – взять кого-л. на испытательный срок
23. various (adj) - разный, разнообразный
E.g. We deal with various companies – Мы имеем дело с разными компаниями.