- •Российский государственный торгово-экономический университет Учебник для студентов торгово-экономических специальностей английский язык
- •Содержание
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 1 – 3
- •I. Complete the sentences using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Insert the right preposition
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 4-6
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Complete the sentences with can, could, be able to, must, have to, be to, should in appropriate forms. Use several options and translate the sentences.
- •IV. Insert the right preposition.
- •V. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 7-8
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item
- •II. Fill in the right preposition
- •III. Match the words to make pairs
- •IV. Combine the sentences using Past Simple and Past Perfect.
- •V. Make comparisons using more - the most; better – the best; as…as; not so as; -er, -est where necessary.
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 10
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 9-10
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Put the following sentences into the Reported Speech.
- •III. Insert the right preposition.
- •IV. Form nouns from the following verbs.
- •Unit 11
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 12
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 13
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 14
- •Exercises
- •Vocabulary
- •Consolidation Units 13, 14
- •I. Complete the sentence using the right item.
- •II. Open the brackets using conditionals.
- •III. Put the verbs into the right form.
- •IV. Rewrite the following sentences using Complex Subject.
- •Resource File. Activate your Grammar.
- •Text Bank Unit 1. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 2. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 5 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 6 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it. The Sales Manager
- •Unit 7 Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Unit 8. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 9. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Unit 10. Read and translate the text. Get ready to summarise it.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Present Continuous
- •3. Present Simple
- •4. Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
- •5. Past Simple
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in the past simple tense.
- •6. Past Continuous
- •7. Past Simple vs Past Continuous.
- •8. Present Perfect Simple
- •9. Present Perfect vs Past Simple
- •Compare
- •Compare these sentences.
- •10. Present Perfect Continuous
- •Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Continuous. Compare these sentences
- •12. Past Perfect
- •13. Future Forms
- •2. Be going to (do)
- •3. Present Continuous1 with a future meaning.
- •4. Present Simple with a future meaning.
- •5. Future Continuous
- •Ex. 1. Put the following sentences in the negative and question forms (yes/no questions).
- •Ex. 2. Put the verbs into the correct form.
- •Ex. 3. Make one sentence from two sentences.
- •Ex. 4. Are you (your friend, your parents) going to do/ not going to do these things tomorrow?
- •Ex. 5. Put the verb in the correct form using will or going to.
- •Ex. 6. What will these people be doing tomorrow from 8 till 8-30 in the morning?
- •Ex. 7. Write some sentences about your plans for the next few days.
- •Ex. 8. Choose the correct verb form in the following pairs of sentences.
- •14. Revision of Tenses
- •15. Modal Verbs (Basic Rules)
- •2. Must – have to – be to
- •Ex. 5. Put in must or have to.
- •Ex. 6. Put in must or had to.
- •Ex. 7. Make questions with have to.
- •Ex. 8. Make negative sentences with have to.
- •Ex. 9. Underline the correct verb form.
- •4. Should (do)
- •1. General Questions
- •2. Special Questions
- •3. Alternative questions
- •17. Reported Speech
- •Verb in the past.
- •18. There (is) and It (is)
- •Ex. 3. Complete the dialogue with used to or didn’t use to.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •20. Conditionals Type 1
- •Ex. 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense using type 1 conditional.
- •Ex. 2. Open the brackets using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 3. Give advice using type 2 conditional.
- •Ex. 5. Rewrite the following story using type 3 conditional.
- •E.G. If Ron hadn’t slept until twelve yesterday, he wouldn’t have failed the exam. Continue rewriting the story. Ex. 6. Match the following parts of the sentence
- •Ex. 8. Translate the sentences into English.
- •21. Passive Voice
- •22. Complex Subject
- •Ex. 1. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Ex. 2. Rewrite the following sentences using the Complex Subject.
- •Ex. 3. Translate the sentences into English.
- •23. Gerund
- •25. Participles
- •Participle I has four forms:
- •26. Complex Object
- •27. Articles
- •28. Pronouns
- •Demonstrative pronouns
- •29. Some, Any, No
- •30. Compound pronouns.
- •31. Much, Many, Little, Few, a Lot (of)
- •32. Adjectives and Adverbs
- •33. Comparisons
- •Irregular Forms.
- •2. The same as
- •34. Other and Another
- •Ex. 1. Fill in the blanks with other, another, the other.
- •Ex. 2. Insert other or others.
- •We write ’ after nouns in plural
- •We use the possessive (’s) structure when the first noun is the name of a person, group of people, animal, organization, country.
- •E.G. Rules: club / football
- •36. So and Such
- •37. Enough and Too
- •Compare:
- •Ex. 3. Use too or enough.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the sentences into English.
- •38. Relative Сlauses
- •39. Prepositions At / on / in (time)
- •E.G. On Monday
- •For / During
- •In / at and to (places and directions)
- •40. Irregular Verbs
- •41. Word-Formation
- •42. Abbreviation List
Vocabulary
1. access to smth (n, U) – доступ к чему-л.
access to markets — доступ к рынкам
E.g. All rooms in the hotel have access to the Internet. – Все комнаты в гостинице имеют доступ в Интернет.
2. advantage (n, С) - преимущество
an advantage of smth – приемущество в чем-л.
an advantage over smb/smth – преимущество над кем-л./чем-л.
E.g. Our team has the advantage of experience. — Преимуществом нашей команды является опыт.
Ant: disadvantage (n, C) – недостаток
E.g. Your advertisement has some disadvantages – Ваша реклама имеет недостатки.
3. attractive (adj) - привлекательный
E.g. The offer is very attractive to us — Это очень привлекательное для нас предложение.
attract (v) - привлекать
4. benefit (n, C) - выгода; польза
to get (a) benefit from smth — извлечь выгоду из чего-л.
Syn: advantage
Ant: disadvantage
5. commerce (n, U) - торговля; коммерция
home / foreign commerce — внутренняя / внешняя торговля
Chamber of Commerce — Торговая палата
commercial (adj) - коммерческий, торговый; прибыльный
6. compare smb/smth with smb/smth (v) – сравнивать кого-л./что-л. с кем-л./чем-л.
E.g. We always compare our goods with the goods of our partners. – Мы всегда сравниваем наши товары с товарами партнеров.
comparison (n, U) – сравнение
in comparison with – по сравнению с
7. compete with smb/smth (v) - конкурировать с кем-л./чем-л.
E.g. We compete with many foreign companies. — Мы конкурируем со многими иностранными компаниями.
competition (n, U) - конкуренция
competitor (n, C) - конкурент
competitive (adj) – конкурентноспособный
a competitive price – конкурентноспособная цена
8. consumer (n, С) – потребитель
сonsumer goods – потребительские товары
Syn: user, buyer
9. create (v) - производить, создавать
to create jobs – создавать рабочие места
10. deal (dealt - dealt) (v) – торговать; вести дела
to deal with smb in smth – торговать с кем-л. чем-л.
E.g. This shop deals in woollen goods. — Этот магазин торгует шерстяными изделиями.
E.g. We deal with a lot of customers. — Мы работаем с большим количеством заказчиков.
deal (n, C) - сделка, договор
to make / do a deal with smb - заключить сделку с кем-л.
E.g. We made a deal with them yesterday. — Вчера мы заключили с ними сделку.
11. equipment (n, U) - оборудование; оснащение
office equipment — офисное оборудование
equipment for road construction — оборудование для дорожного строительства
12. exceed (v) - превышать; выходить за пределы; превосходить
to exceed smb in smth – превосходить кого-л. в чем-л.
to exceed expectations – превосходить ожидания
13. feature (n, С) - особенность, характерная черта; признак
a special feature — особая черта
14. feedback (n, U) - обратная связь
15. go bankrupt - обанкротиться
E.g. The company went bankrupt last year. — Компания обанкротилась в прошлом году.
16. investigate (v) - расследовать; изучать
Syn: examine
investigation (n, C) – расследование
to carry out an investigation – проводить расследование
Syn: examination
17. marketing (n, U) - сбыт; маркетинг
marketing research — маркетинговые исследования
Syn: trade, commerce
18. mass media - средства массовой информации
19. provide smb with smth (v) - снабжать; обеспечивать кого-л. чем-л.
to provide smb. with goods — снабдить кого-л. товарами
E.g. Who provides you with the equipment? – Кто снабжает Вас оборудованием?
provider (n, С) - поставщик
20. purchase (v) - покупать, закупать
purchase (n, C) - покупка; закупка
purchase on credit / for cash — покупка в кредит / за наличные (деньги)
E.g. She opened the box and looked at her purchase. — Она открыла коробку и взглянула на свою покупку.
21. rent (v) - арендовать, брать напрокат
to rent a flat — снимать квартиру
E.g. He rented a car for the weekend. — На выходные он взял напрокат машину.
rent (n) - арендная плата (особ. плата за аренду жилья), прокат; плата за прокат
22. start-up (n, C) - новая фирма, предприятие, новая "интернет-компания"
Syn: dotcom
E.g. There are a lot of start-ups nowadays. — Сегодня существует большое количество новых фирм.
23. transaction (n, C) - сделка, соглашение
financial transactions — финансовые операции
E.g. The bank charges a fixed rate for each transaction. – Банк берет фиксированную плату за каждую операцию.
Syn: deal
UNIT 6
Grammar: Modal Verbs
Reading: The Work of a Sales Manager
Tom Archer is Sales Manager of Malesan Ltd. This is a well-known wine company. Tom’s job is demanding but interesting. He has to get in touch with various customers all over Europe. Tom Archer needs to know the market very well, as well as his competitors’ products. Competition is a real challenge because customers may prefer some other brands or they might not be satisfied with prices. A sales manager has to maintain feedback with his regular clients and establish new connections. He has to travel a lot and take part in sales conferences and negotiations. Sometimes when he doesn’t have to talk to a customer face-to-face, Tom sends and receives a lot of e-mails. Archer must always be well-informed about the range of products, the latest vintage wines and popular brands.
As Senior Manager Tom has to perform a lot of other functions within the company. There are three sales managers in his department and Tom’s responsibilities are to supervise and motivate his staff. His employees should receive acceptable salaries, must understand their tasks, need good working conditions and job security. One very important thing in Tom’s work is to make his people a team. He has succeeded in this. He motivates his people not only by financial targets but the belief that their company sells high quality natural wines. At the same time Tom should not forget to develop a business plan, to monitor the progress of the company sales and to keep up with the changing management trends.
Last year was rather hard for Malesan. The volume of production dropped and the company had to increase prices. At the same time Chilean competitors became very active. Some corporate clients who were to purchase Malesan wines decided to place trial orders with their rival. Tom Archer had to offer the customers some attractive terms and additional discounts. He and his staff couldn’t lose their customer base. So they found new distributors and targeted the segment of family-type small restaurants. That helped the company to avoid great costs.
This year Tom Archer and his sales force are to break into one of the East European markets. With consistent quality at reasonable prices Malesan wines will be able to gain a good market niche and to bring sufficient profit.