Вариант 2

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо- временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The Executive power is exercised by the government which consists of the Chairman of the Government (the Prime Minister), deputy chairmen and the federal ministers.

2. After he had been robbed of $ 20 in Winnipeg, Roger Morse asked for his wallet back.

3. A man was arrested in Bangkok charged with impersonating a police officer.

4. In reality all over the world, hundreds of thousands of people are being held in prisons that are: squalid, overcrowded, dilapidated, unsanitary, inhuman, unjust, very expensive and ineffective in tackling crime.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. If the prosecutor is of the opinion that the accused is not guilty, it is his duty to withdraw the charge.

2. The Dutch hold the view that harsh treatment and get- tough attitudes only aggravate the problems that lead a person to crime.

3. Duty is what one expects from others (Oscar Wild).

III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be , to have, to do.

1. The Criminal Detection Department is to detect the criminal, that is to locate and arrest him (her).

2. In many American states probation is combined with a suspended sentence, so that the sentence the offender will have to serve if he breaks the order is fixed in advance.

3. Members of the public have the right to make complaints against police officers if they feel that they have been treated unfairly or improperly.

4. Capital punishment creates, it does not solve, problems.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. In economically developed countries, there are limits on the type and amount of work a child is allowed to do.

2. The help the expert can give is limited if no one in particular is suspected or if no arrest has been made, i.e. if only the scene of the crime is available for the examination.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. There are special courts to deal with young people who commit crimes.

2. An understanding of the causes of crime is still elusive, because the interrelationship of causes is difficult to determine.

3. Our militia was created by the working people to protect their rights.

4. To make a facsimile of a fingerprint becomes a very different matter when it is put into practical use as a forgery.

VI. Прочтите и устно переведите 1 абзац текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1 и 2 абзацы.

The Causes of Crime.

1. Many prominent criminologists of the 19^th century, particularly those associated with the Socialist movement, attributed crime mainly to the influence of poverty. They pointed out that persons who are unable to provide adequately for themselves and their families through normal legal channels are frequently driven to theft, burglary, prostitution, and other offences. The incidence of crime especially tends to rise in times of widespread unemployment. Present-day criminologists take a broader and deeper view; they place the blame for most crimes on the whole range of environmental conditions associated with poverty. The living conditions of the poor, particularly of those in slums, are characterized by overcrowding, lack of privacy, inadequate play space and recreational facilities, and poor sanitation. Such conditions engender feelings of deprivation and hopelessness and are conducive to crime as a means of escape. The feeling is encouraged by the example set by those who have escaped to what appears to be the better way of life made possible by crime.

2. Some theorists relate the incidence of crime to the general state of a culture, especially the impact of economical crises, wars, and revolutions and the general sense of insecurity and uprootedness to which these forces give rise. As a society becomes more unsettled and its people more restless and fearful of the future, the crime rate tends to rise. This is n particularly true of juvenile crime, as the experience of the United States since World War II has made evident.

3. The final major group of theories are psychological and psychiatric. Studies by such 20^th century investigators as the American criminologist Bernard Glueck and the British psychiatrist William Healy have indicated that about one - fourth of a typical convict population is psychotic, neurotic, or emotionally unstable and another one-fourth is mentally deficient. These emotional and mental conditions do not automatically make people criminals, but do, it is believed, make them more prone to criminality. Recent studies of criminals have thrown further light on the kinds of emotional disturbances that may lead to criminal behaviour.

VII. Прочтите 3 абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

• What do usually make people more prone to criminality?

4. poverty.

5. psychiatric and emotional conditions.

6. dissatisfaction by something.