- •1. Language Material
- •2. Reading Practice
- •3. Oral Practice
- •1. Answer questions.
- •3 Match the following:
- •4. Write the short essay on why you are agree or disagree with the statement that a strong small business community is the best interest of all citizens.
- •4. Grammar Review the indefinite form
- •II. The use of the Present Indefinite.
- •IV. The use of the Past Indefinite.
- •VI. The use of the Future Indefinite.
- •VII. The formation of the Future Indefinite in the Past.
- •VIII. The use of the Future Indefinite in the Past.
- •The formation of the Present Continuous.
- •II. The use of the Present Continuous.
- •Interrogative
- •IV. The use of the Past Continuous.
- •V. The formation of the Future Continuous.
- •5. Grammar Practice
- •Indefinite and Continuous Tenses
- •1. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова b Present indefinite або Future Indefinite.
- •2. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова b Present indefinite або Future Indefinite.
- •3. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова b Present indefinite або Future Indefinite
- •4. Перепишіть текст в минулому часі (що розповідала мама)
- •5. Перепишіть текст в минулому часі
- •6. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в Present Indefinite або Past Indefinite.
- •7. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в Present Indefinite або Past Indefinite.
- •8. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в Present, Past або Future Indefinite.
- •9. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в Present Continuous або Past Continuous
- •10. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в Past Indefinite або Past Continuous.
- •Unit II
- •1. Language Material
- •2. Reading Practice
- •3. Oral Practice
- •3.1. Answer questions.
- •3.2 Match the following:
- •3.3 Combine a noun with a preposition to complete each sentence:
- •3.4 Read the text and choose the best answer
- •4. Grammar Review часи групи perfect
- •I. The present perfect
- •1. The formation of the Present Perfect.
- •2. The use of the Present Perfect.
- •3. The Past Indefinite and the Present Perfect.
- •II. The past perfect
- •1. The formation of the Past Perfect.
- •2. The use of the Past Perfect.
- •3. The Past Indefinite and the Past Perfect.
- •III. The future perfect
- •The formation of the Future Perfect.
- •2. The use of the Future Perfect.
- •IV. The future perfест in the past
- •1. The formation of the Future Perfect in the Past.
- •The use of the Future Perfect in the Past.
- •5. Grammar Practice Perfect Tenses
- •1. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в належній формі, щоб отримати Present Continuous або Present Perfect.
- •2. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в Present Perfect або Past Indefinite.
- •3. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в Present Perfect або Past Indefinite.
- •4. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в Past Indefinite або Past Perfect.
- •5. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в Past Indefinite або Past Perfect.
- •6. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в одному з подальших часів:
- •7. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в одному з подальших часів:
- •8. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в одному з подальших часів:
- •9. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в одному з подальших часів:
- •Unit III
- •1. Language Material
- •2. Reading Practice
- •3. Oral Practice
- •3.1. Answer questions.
- •3.2 Match the words with their definitions
- •A. The expenses incurred in producing goods or services during the period.
- •3.3 Supply the sentences with the missing words. A. He divided his … among his four brothers.
- •3.7 Write English equivalents
- •4. Grammar Review the perfect continious the present perfect continuous
- •1. The formation of the Present Perfect Continuous.
- •2. The use of the Present Perfect Continuous.
- •3. The Present Perfect Continuous Inclusive and the Present Continuous.
- •4. The Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous Exclusive.
- •The past perfect continuous
- •1. The formation of the Past Perfect Continuous.
- •2. The use of the Past Perfect Continuous.
- •3. The Past Perfect Continuous Inclusive and the Past Continuous.
- •The future perfect continuous
- •1. The formation of the Future Perfect Continuous.
- •2. The use of the Future Perfect Continuous.
- •The future perfect continuous in the past
- •1. The formation of the Future Perfect Continuous in the Past.
- •2. The use of the Future Perfect Continuous in the Past.
- •5. Grammar Practice
- •1. В поданих реченнях змініть час дієслів на Present Perfect. Перекладіть речення українською мовою.
- •2. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в належній формі, так щоб отримати Present Continuous или Present Perfect.
- •3. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в Present Perfect, Present Continuous, Present Indefinite або Past Indefinite.
- •4. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в Present Perfect, Past Indefinite, Past Continuous або Past Perfect.
- •5. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в належному часі.
- •Unit IV
- •1. Language Material
- •2. Reading Practice The income statement
- •3. Oral Practice
- •I. Which of the listed above statements are true (t); false (f)
- •Match the words with their definitions
- •Match the following
- •Complete the sentences with the correct comparative or superlative form of the adjectives
- •4. Grammar Review the passive voice
- •1. The formation of the Passive Voice.
- •2. The use of the Passive Voice.
- •3. The use of tenses in the Passive Voice.
- •5. Grammar Practice Passive Voice
- •1. Передайте наступні речення в Passive Voice.
- •2. Перекладіть английською, використовуючи дієслова в Passive Voice.
- •3. Передайте наступні речення в Passive Voice.
- •4. Передайте наступні речення в Passive Voice.
- •5. Передайте наступні речення в Passive Voice.
- •6. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи дієслова в Passive Voice.
- •7. Перекладіть англійською, використовуючи дієслова в Passive Voice.
- •1. Language Material
- •2. Reading Practice The balance sheet
- •3. Oral Practice
- •Choose the correct answer
- •Supply the sentences with the missing words
- •Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence
- •Complete the following sentences by putting the correct form of the verb
- •4. Grammar Review modal verbs
- •1. Modal verbs
- •4. Must
- •5. Should and ought
- •8. Shall
- •9. Will
- •10. Would
- •11. Dare
- •12. Need
- •Unit VI
- •1. Language Material
- •2. Reading Practice a comprehensive plan
- •3. Oral Practice
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •Find antonyms to these words
- •Match the words with their definitions
- •Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence
- •4. Grammar Review sequence of tenses
- •Unit VII
- •1. Language Material
- •2. Reading Practice Choosing a legal form of organization
- •3. Oral Practice
- •Answer these questions. In each of the following select the word or phrase that best completes the statement
- •Translate the following word-combinations:
- •Find English equivalents in the text:
- •Complete these sentences
- •Put necessary words and propositions
- •4. Grammar Review the gerund
- •1. The tense distinctions of the gerund
- •2. The voice distinctions of the gerund
- •3. Predicative constructions with the gerund
- •4. The use of the gerund
- •5. The gerund and the infinitive
- •6. The functions of the gerund in the sentence
- •7. The gerund and the participle
- •8. The gerund and verbal noun
- •5. Grammar Practice
- •Unit VIII
- •1. Reading Practice Small business and the law
- •2. Oral Practice малий бізнес в луганську
4. Grammar Review the perfect continious the present perfect continuous
1. The formation of the Present Perfect Continuous.
1. The Present Perfect Continuous is formed by means of the Present Perfect of the auxiliary verb to be and Participle I of the notional verb.
2. In the interrogative form the first auxiliary verb is placed before the subject. In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the first auxiliary verb.
Affirmative Interrogative
I have been working Have I been working?
He has been working Has he been working?
She has been working Has she been working?
We have been working Have we been working?
You have been working Have you been working?
They have been working Have they been working?
Negative
I have not been working
He has not been working
She has not been working
We have not been working
You have not been working
They have not been working
3. The contracted affirmative forms are:
I've been working
He's been working
You've been working
The contracted negative forms are:
I haven't been working
He hasn't been working
We haven't been working
4. The negative-interrogative forms are:
Has he not been working?
Hasn't he been working?
Have you not been working?
Haven't you been working?
2. The use of the Present Perfect Continuous.
We distinguish two uses of the Present Perfect Continuous: the Present Perfect Continuous Inclusive and the Present Perfect Continuous Exclusive.
1. The Present Perfect Continuous Inclusive is used to denote an action which began in the past, has been going on up to the present and is still going on. The Present Perfect Continuous Inclusive is generally used with since (denoting the starting point of the action), for (denoting the whole period of duration), these two days, etc. (If the conjunction since introduces a clause, the verb in this clause is in the Past Indefinite.)
I have been looking out for your white dress for the last ten minutes. (Bennett)
Ever since I saw you last 1 have been thinking, thinking. (Dreiser)
As has been stated above the Present Perfect Inclusive is used to denote an action which began, in the past, has been going on up to the present and is still going on with verbs not admitting of the Continuous form, in negative sentences and with certain on-terminative verbs. With verbs not admitting of the Continuous form the Present Perfect Inclusive is the only tense possible.
Note: In colloquial English the verbs to want and to wish are often to be found in the Perfect Continuous form, though, as stated above, they are not used in the Continuous form.
I have been wishing to speak to you ever since you returned. (Collins)
With verbs in the negative form the Present Perfect Continuous Inclusive can be used, but it is far less common than the Present Perfect Inclusive. With certain non-terminative verbs both the Present Perfect Inclusive and the Present Perfect Continuous Inclusive are used.
We have worked at the problem for several months. (The fact is emphasized.)
We have been working and working at the problem for months and I don't think we are likely to solve it. (Locke) (The process is emphasized.)
The Present Perfect Continuous Inclusive is rendered in Russian by the present:
I have been teaching at this school for 20 years. Я преподаю в этой школе 20 лет.
2. The Present Perfect Continuous Exclusive denotes an action which was recently in progress but is no longer going on at the present moment,
You are not well today.
You look distressed.
You have been weeping. (Dickens)
The Present Perfect Continuous Exclusive is used to express repeated actions in the past.
How have you been spending your money?
I have been buying pictures. (Locke)
I have been getting letters from him.
The Present Perfect Continuous Exclusive is often used with an emotional colouring.
I suppose you have been telling lies again. (Marryat)
The Present Perfect Continuous Exclusive is rendered in Russian by the past imperfective.
Your eyes are red. You have been crying. У вас покраснели глаза. Вы плакали.