Virtual reality world

- підсилити ілюзію

- усилить иллюзию

- підняти руку в рукавиці

- поднять руку в рукавице

- бути результатом руху

- быть результатом движения

- змодельовані умови

- смоделированные условия

- підготовка пілотів

- подготовка пилотов

- військова підготовка

- военная подготовка

- істотно відрізнятися

- значительно отличаться

- реальний світ

- реальный мир

- створити штучний світ

- создать искусственный мир

- у трьох вимірах

- в трех измерениях

- враження зростає

- впечатление возрастает

- новий ракурс

- новый ракурс

- відображати зображення

- отображать изображение

- одягати шолом

- одевать шлем

a) to create

a) the illusion

b) seem

b) the gloved hand

c) to enhance

c) in the actual world

d) to adjust

d) realistic enough

e) to raise

e) can be similar

f) to be seen

f) an artificial world

g) to be

g) significantly

h) environment

h) when the wearer moves a hand

i) to differ

i) to move

j) to tell the computer

j) the images

Exercise 9. Fill in the correct prepositions, then make sentences using the completed phrases.

Images __ the screens, to differ __ a way, to result __the movement, to be filled __ objects, to adjust the images __the new perspective, the image __ the ball, to see __ the actual world, to be similar __ the real world, to differ significantly __ reality.

Exercise 10. Find grammar mistakes and correct them:

1) Those illusion are enhance when the user’s head move.

2) Virtual worlds is filled with objects that can to be ‘handled’ by users.

3) The sensor tell the computer when the wearer move a gloved hand.

4) Virtual reality images not have nearly the detail of what be seen in the actual world or even in no virtual video games.

Exercise 11. Put all possible questions to the following sentences.

1) Virtual reality (VR) software uses graphics, sounds and other tools to create an artificial world.

2) Virtual reality systems generally include a headset that has two tiny display screens, one for each eye.

3) That illusion is enhanced when the user’s head moves.

4) Virtual worlds are filled with objects that can be ‘handled’ by users wearing special sensor-lined gloves.

5) The sensors tell the computer when the wearer moves a gloved hand.

Exercise 12. Read the text again and underline the verbs in the Passive Voice. State their tense forms.

Exercise 13. Find the predicate in each sentence of the basic text and define its tense.

Exercise 14. Translate into English:

Exercise 15. Retell the basic text.

Exercise 16. Read and translate the additional text.

VIRTUAL REALITY

Computers are about to take people to places they have never been able to visit before, including the surface of other planets. Such a trip will be an illusion, but one that comes closer to real life than anything on stage or screen. Artificial worlds are being built up in a computer memory so that people can walk through at will, look around, and even touch objects.

Virtual reality systems are being developed throughout the world for a range of uses including enabling people to walk “inside” nuclear power stations, while controlling a robot that actually goes into an area in which no human could leave, and conducting architects through a computer generated building before it is constructed.

The problem with guiding a robot by looking at a picture from a video camera mounted on it and twiddling the controls is that it is not a natural system. The operator spends all his time controlling the robot and none solving the problem. The time lag between seeing the image and sending a corrective control signal is another difficulty.

A virtual reality system consists of a helmet with a color display in front of each eye, and wide-angle lenses to cover the entire field of view and give a stereoscopic effect. The helmet contains sensors, rather like electronic compasses, to record where it is pointing. A computer calculates what the wearer should be seeing in that direction and displays it on the screen.

In more advanced systems, the operator wears an electronic glove that detects exactly what the fingers are doing and transmits the information to the computer. If the user tries to pick up something, the computer will make the object follow the hand to give the illusion of carrying it. Pads in the latest types of gloves press into the insides of the fingers and palm when an object is encountered, to create the illusion of feeling it.

A fire-fighter in a nuclear power plant, for example, would move through a computer model wearing an exoskeleton, while a robot would move through the real thing. The computer program will be derived from the data used to design the plant in the first place.

The biggest initial market is likely to be for a new generation of video games. Industries, of Leicester, launched a virtual reality system for video arcades. The system, called Virtuality, consists of a cockpit in which a player sits, wearing the helmet, at a set of controls that can mimic a bobsleigh, a spaceship, or whatever the imagination of the games programmer can devise.

The helmet has a pair of liquid-crystal displays with wide-angle lenses giving a stereoscopic image, and a set of magnetic sensors to tell the computer what the helmet is looking at as it moves. The computer can link and control several helmets at once for a group game.

Exercise 17. Answer the questions:

1. What kind of system is virtual reality?

2. What were virtual reality systems being developed for?

3. What does a virtual reality system consist of?

4. Tell about your experience of using virtual reality.

Exercise 18. Give the equivalents:

The object without the substance, nuclear power station, despite the fortunes, twiddling the controls, the surface of other planets, such a trip will be an illusion, stage or screen, people can walk through at will, computer generated building, cockpit for a player, to touch objects, to try to pick up something, to be able to visit before, to be developed throughout the world, to cover the entire field of view, to record where it is pointing, to create the illusion of feeling it, to move through a computer model.

Exercise 19. Translate into English:

Exercise 20. Match each of the following words with the appropriate definition:

1 capture a) light-sensitive substance on the surface of the film

2 poster b) device that uses compressed air to spray paint

3 retouch c) succeed in representing on film

4 airbrush d) alter by making minor changes

5 emulsion e) large printed picture used for advertising purposes

Exercise 21. Match the if-clauses (1 to 6) to the main clauses (a to f) to make complete sentences.

Exercise 22. Find all the non-finite forms of the verb in the text. Define them and state their functions.

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a) terms:

Word processor

текстовий процесор

текстовый процессор

Document preparation system

система підготовки документа

система подготовки документа

Computer application

прикладна програма комп’ютера

прикладная программа компьютера

Composition

складання

составление

Editing

редагування

редактирование

Formatting

форматування

форматирование

Printing

друк

печать

Text justification tools

засоби вирівнювання тексту

средства выравнивания текста

Capability

здатність

способность

Tag

мітка. закладка

метка

Mark-up

маркування

маркирование

Type-setting capability

здатність набору

способность набора

Editor

редактор

редактор

Revenue

прибуток

прибыль

Collapse

крах

крах

Shorthand

стенографія

стенография

Brevity

кратність

кратность

Invention

винахід

изобретение

b) verbs:

Descend

походити

происходить

Take advantage

переважати

преобладать

Produce

виробляти

производить

Handle

керувати

управлять

Estimate

оцінювати

оценивать

Rival

конкурувати

соперничать

Gain

набиратися, збирати

собирать, набираться

Create

створювати

творить

Refer

відноситися

относиться

Improve

покращувати

улучшать

Intend

мати намір

намереваться

Evolve

виникати

появляться

c) nouns:

Production

виробництво

производство

Productivity

продуктивність

продуктивность

Popularity

популярність

популярность

Interface

інтерфейс

интерфейс

Review

перегляд

просмотр

Advent

поява

возникновение

Pool

об’єднання

объединение

In conjunction with

в поєднанні з

вместе с

d) adjectives:

Viewable

зримий

зримый

Real

дійсний

реальный

Earliest

найранніший

самый ранний

Modern

сучасний

современный

Powerful

потужній

мощный

Arbitrary

довільний

произвольный

Numerous

численний

многочисленный

Successful

успішний

удачный

Reasonable

розумний

разумный

Common

загальний

общий

Essential

основний

основной

Temporary

тимчасовий

временный

e) adverbs:

Formally

формально

формально

Possibly

можливо

возможно

Rapidly

швидко

быстро

Primarily

перш за все

прежде всего