Exercises in Comprehension
Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
What is international trade?
Why do countries engage in international trade?
Does international trade influence domestic prices?
Do governments control international trade?
What are the most common protectionist measures?
What reasons are generally given for imposing trade barriers?
What is free trade?
What is free trade area?
Ex.2. Sum up what you remember about:
International trade;
protectionist measures;
free trade.
Ex.3. Translate into English:
Міжнародна торгівля - це обмін товарами та послугами між різними країнами.
Завдяки міжнародній торгівлі країни можуть покращити свій життєвий рівень.
У всіх країнах міжнародна торгівля контролюється державою.
Тарифи, квоти, валютне регулювання – це протекціоністські заходи, які застосовує держава, щоб захистити національного виробника.
В зоні вільної торгівлі не існує торгових обмежень на товари та послуги.
Тариф – це податок на імпортні товари.
Квота – це ліміт на кількість товару, який дозволяється імпортувати в країни протягом конкретного часу.
Протекціоністські заходи підвищують ціни на імпортні товари.
Grammar Revision
The Infinitive
1. The infinitive has the following forms:
Active Voice |
Indefinite |
Progressive |
Perfect |
Perfect Progressive |
to ask |
to be asking |
to have asked |
to have been asking |
|
Passive Voice |
to be asked |
|
to have been asked |
|
2. The infinitive can be used as:
the subject It was hard to raise this question.
the predicative The main problem is to get to the office on time.
an object She tried to speak calmly.
an attribute There was nothing to argue about.
an adverbial modifier I have come to see the manager.
3. Some verbs can be followed by object + infinitive.
I'd like you to pay now.
a) verbs followed by an object + infinitive with "to":
advise, allow, ask, expect, forbid, force, get, hate, help, intend, invite, permit, order, prefer, recommend, remind, tell, want, persuade, like, warn, wish, would like, encourage
My boss always encouraged me to work as hard as I could.
b) verbs followed by an object + infinitive without "to":
let, make, feel, see, hear, watch, notice, have and sometimes know and help
Let me explain the rule.
Ex.1. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian and state the form and function of the Infinitive.
She was the last to solve the problem.
To do it accurately was the main problem.
This is a prestigious company to work in.
It was kind of your boss to have offered it to you.
Our plan was to finish this work by the end of the month.
I was lucky to have been chosen for this job.
This is a very good hotel to stay in.
There is a lot of work to be done today.
She was the first to be given a rise.
It's nice to be working right now.
He hopes to be chosen for this position.
Our boss doesn't like to be interrupted while he is working.
Do you know him well enough to ask him for some money?
14.1 only want to be understood.
15. All the necessary changes may be made any moment.
16.1 hope to find a job in accounting.
I'm sorry not to have kept my promise.
It was a big mistake for them not to keep him as accountant.
"Associate with men of good quality, if you esteem your own reputation, for it is better to be alone than in bad company"
(G. Washington)