Mythological world perception was based on belief and expedirncy. It operated with symbol and image and did not suppose any doubt.

2. Religious worldview.

In primeval society religion was closely connected with mythology. But the specificity of religion is its system of worship. The system of ritual actions which is aimed at establishing special relations with the supernatural.

Religious worldview doubles the world: one is this side of the grave, which is unfair and evil, the other – afterdeath world which is beautiful good and kind.

Worldview constructions involved in a system of worship acquired the character of dogmas. It gave a particular spiritual-practical character to this type of worldview.Religion was directed into the future, better life. Religion permited no doubt either as it was considered the Sirit of heartless established order. The main function of religion has always been to help man to get over historically changeable transient aspects of his being and to raise man’s soul to something higher, eternal and lofty.

Religious worrldview operated with symbol and image and did not suppose any doubt either but it asserted a new idea of salvation, the hope for better life.

3. Philosophical worldview.

Philosophy is a theoretical level of worldview. It appeared in the form of knowledge and had got a systematic character. This brings it closer to science. Actually, at early stages of human development the theoretical form of investigation of reality was called philosophy.But later when much of experience had been accumulated, methods were perfected and therefore certain differentiation of theoretical forms of studying the reality took place. Many individual sciences appeared. As for philosophy, it gained a new content. Its subject methods and functions had been greatly changed.Aristotle considered philosophy as a Missis of science. And he did not exaggerate, as its maturnity level was much higher than that of any other branches of science.

Universality means that during all the history of culture philosophy tried to produce universal knowledge and universal principles of spiritual-moral life.

Substantiality means an investigation of the essence of the world, seeking for some constant basis, the initial points of everything to explain the world, its structure, that is functioning not genetically, but with the help of a universal basis.

Philisiphical worldview is characterized by its theoretical character. Images and symbols of mythological and religious worldview were being replaced by reason. Philosophy tried to solve different worldview problems by means of reason, thinking, using logic and its elements: concepts, categories and laws.

In the history of philosophy there formed two different approaches in explaining the surrounding world: materialism and idealism.

Materialism takes the world which exists objectively and independently of the consciousness of man and of mankind. Explanation of the world from the world itself such is the worldview and methodological principle of materialism. In its development materialism passed through several significant stages from the naïve form in antiquity through mechanical and metaphysical forms to dialectical materialism.

Idealism holds the opposite view, insisting that the development of the world is determined by the spiritual element. Idealism also has various forms. Thus, objective idealism recognizes the existence of a real world outside man, but it is believed that underlying it is reason. The irrationalist variety of objective idealism (Schopengauer and others) postulate an unconscious unreasonable element as the basis of being (blind will, representation and will).From the point of view of subjective idealism, the objective world independent of man does not exist, it is the product of man’s subjective cognitive abilities, sensations and perceptions. Hence, the fundamental idea of this philosophical system (Berkeley or Mach) is that: things are complexes of sensations and to exist means to be perceived by man’s sense organs. Subjective idealism insists that our attempts to go beyond consciousness are in vain and that the existence of an outside world independent of our mind is therefore impossible to prove. Indeed, we know the world as it is given to man but that does not mean that the perception of the world is the world itself. Even everyday experience demonstrate that the being of things does not depend on the act of their perception

Methodology is a system of basic principles or elements of generalized modes of the organization and construction of theoretical and practical activity. It is a particular area of philosophical knowledge.

The main philosophical methods are dialectics, metaphysics, phenomenology, hermeneutics.

Dialectics is the method, by which we study development in its most complete deep-going and comprehensive form. Dialectics affords a reflection of the extremely complex and contradictory processes of the material and spiritual world.Dialectics is not a mere statement of that, which happens in the reality but an instrument of scientific cognition and transformation, an instrument for moving from the domain of non-knowledge into the realm of knowledge, a methodology of knowledge based on action and methodology of action based on knowledge. It is in this that the unity of dialectics as theory and method is manifested.

Metaphysics is characterized by the static mode of thinking, by the veering of thought from one extreme to the other by exaggeration of some aspect of an object, such as stability, repetition and relative independence. A characteristic feature of metaphysics has always been one-sidedness, abstractness and the lifting of certain elements to an absolute.

5 Worldview function – philosophy helps man to find and ground his life orientation, to clear out the essence and significance of life values and priorities. Philosophy does not only influence the formation and development of an individual’s worldview, but it investigates worldview as a social phenomenon, defines fundamental characteristics of a definite historical epoch, definite nations and some definite groups of people.

Gnosiological function - philosophy answers the questions of knowability of the world, limits of cognition, essence of the truth, object and subject of cognition, stages, levels and forms of cognition, laws of cognitive process, ways and facilities of achievement of the truth, methods of verification of true knowledge, essence and role of practice in the process of cognition and others. Philosophy also works out universal principles of the cognitive process underlining specific character of man’s consciousness and the world relation.

Methodological function - philosophy correlates and coordinates application of philosophical, scientific and concrete-scientific cognitive facilities: methods, principles, approaches. Universal philosophical methodology in relation to concrete scientific methods serves as the means of generalization and grounds of scientific principles; it determines logical connections between separate groups of methods. Philosophy provides the boost of scientific knowledge. Philosophical method, used together with concrete sciences methods is capable to help these sciences to work out complex theoretical problems, to foresee scientific discoveries.

Axiological function – philosophy develops a theory of such values as Good, Justice, Truth, Beauty and others; studies their origin, classifies them into material and spiritual, social and individual, builds up a hierarchy of values and defines their role in human life.

Logical function – philosophy provides the formation of human thought culture, the development of critical unprejudiced position in individual and social-cultural dialogues.

Praxeological function consists in that the system of philosophical knowledge mastered by man grows into the instruments of active, transforming influence on the surrounding world (both natural and social) and on man himself. Really, transforming the world man changes himself. Philosophy plays an important role in man's determination of his own being purport and facilities of its implementation.

Critical function is manifested in opposition of philosophy to empirical reality, to everyday life, in destruction of various habitual stereotypes and prejudices and search for a more perfected human world.

Philosophical knowledge is called not only to help man to be oriented in the world, but it also serves as a means of making a theoretical model for man to carry out proper transformations. Philosophical knowledge summarizes all types of communication between people; through universal categories it shows the unity of various forms of their vital activity and their indissoluble connection with the world.