1. Типологія частин мови. Граматичне значення / граматична категорія частин мови.

Parts of speech- the lexico-grammatical classes of words correlating with each-other in general system of language on the basis of their grammatically relevant properties.

Criteria of classification: - formal/functional/semantic properties. Semantic- refers to the generalized semantic properties common to the whole class of words: nouns-thingness, verbs- process, adj.- substansive property, adv.-non-substansive property. Formal- formal features- word-building, word-changing, that are characteristic for a particular part of speech. N.-by a specific set of word-building affixes(property, bitterness, worker); is changed according to category of number, case & article determination(boy-boys, the boy- a boy). Functional- based on the function that the word of a particular class fulfill in the sentence: N-subj, obj., V-predic. Etc.

Eng. As well as Ukr. Words have been traditionally classified into 9 categories/parts of speech: Noun, Pronoun, Adj., Verb, Adv., Numeral, Prepos.,Conjunc., Interjection(exclam.)+ in Eng.-article, in Ukr- частка.

Classification in contrastive languages is based on the isomorphic(equal for both), lexical, morphological & syntactic properties. But the points of view of different scolars are not similar on this problem. Though, subdivision into Notional&functional seems indisputable. 1.Classical(logical-interflectional)- based on latin Grammar; 2. Functional-Ch.Fries- 1 class-words with function of a Subject, 2 cl.-predicate, 3cl.-adj., 4 cl.- adverbial func.words/groups. 3. C.T.Hockett more relevant classif.- class N words, cl.V words, cl.ADJ. words >»they can show more than 1 pattern of usage» due to their morphological structure. + he singled out doublets & triplets (NA, AV, NAV (fat meat). 4.R.Quirk, S.Greenbaum, G.Leech, J.Svartik: 4 notionals(N, V, ADJ, ADV,+ a set of parts of speech with closed system-articles, propos, conj, interj, pron, demonstratives). 5. Isomorphic classif.: Eng.&Ukr.- notionals & functionals.

All words in Eng.& Ukr. Have lexical(logical, positioning the object according to the world) & grammatical meaning- a very abstract generalized meaning which is linguistically expressed(The girl lost her/his hat). With the help of gram.cat.- a system of expressing generalized gr.meaning by mens of paradigmatic correlation of gram.forms.

7. Речення, як основна комунікативна одиниці мови.

Sentence- the central syntactic construction used as the minimal communicative unit that has its primary predication, actualizes a definite structural sceme and posesses definite intonation characteristics.

Sentence vs Utterance: s.-abstract theoretical entity, defined within the theory of grammar Unit of language. U.- the actual use of the sentence, unit of speech. Characteristics(features): structural- subject-predicate relations(primary predication); semantic- refers to some fact in the objective world. Classification: 1)simple(1 independent clause); 2)compound(2 or more ind.cl.); 3)complex(at least 1 ind + 1 depend.); 4)compex-comp.(multiple indep.clauses, at least 1 of which has at least q depend.cl.). Purpose: 1)declarative; 2)interrogative(?); 3)exclamative; 4)imperative.

+ add about utterance- unit of speech, opposed to sentence (theme- already known; rheme-new).