Речевые формулы.

HYPOTHESIS and SUPPOSITION	ПРЕДПОЛОЖЕНИЯ
If … what would you do? I'd If … I'd... I'd … if ... If … what would you have done? I'd have ... If … I'd have ... I'd have ... if ...	Если ... что бы вы сделали? Я бы ... Если бы ..., я бы ... Я бы ..., если бы ... Если ..., что бы вы сделали? Я бы ... Если бы ..., я бы ... Я бы ..., если бы ...

Лексико-грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What tour did Victor take in Washington?

2. What is the National Mall?

3. What must you do to travel by metro?

4. How can you get to an area where there is no metro?

5. Must you pay extra to get there?

Упражнение 2. Расспросите Виктора о том, что он видел в Америке. Проверьте себя, правильно ли Вы задали вопросы. Они в левом столбике, а ответы в правом.

1. Have you visited New York? 2. How many cities have you visited? 3. Have you taken the regular tour of Washington? 4. How many museums have you been to? 5. Have you seen the Smithsonian in Washington? 6. Have you visited the White House?

-Yes, I have. I have been to New York. -I've visited two cities. -Yes, I have I've taken the regular tour of Washington. -I've been to many museums. -Yes, I have -No, I haven't

Упражнение 3. Дополните следующие высказывания, исполь-зуя пра­вило согласования времен (have - had). He забудьте о порядке слов!

Образец: Не asked ... (Have you visited New York?) — He asked if I had visited New York.

1. He wanted to know ... (How many cities have you visited?)

2. He asked ... (Have you taken the regular tour of Washington?)

3. He asked ... (How many museums have you been to?)

4. He wanted to know ... (Have you seen the Smithsonian in Washington?)

5. He asked ... (Have you visited the White House?)

Упражнение 4. Ричард обещает пойти вместе с Виктором гулять по городу. Но только, если он будет свободен. Представьте, что вы — Ричард, Что вы скажите Виктору? Помните, что после „if" формы будущего времени не употреб­ляются.

Образец: I’ll finish work earlier. I'll join you.

— If I finish work earlier, I'll join you.

1. I'll be free. We'll go sightseeing together.

2. I'll be free. We'll take Tour mobile.

3. We'll go sightseeing together. I'll show you my favorite places.

4. We'll rent a car. We'll go to the country.

5. You'll park your car in the wrong place.

6. You'll get a ticket (штраф).

Упражнение 5. Познакомьтесь еще с одним выражением, которое поможет вам выразить сожаление. «I wish» здесь озна­чает «жаль, что я не ...». Запомните! С этим выражением употребляется вторая форма глаголов (простое прошед­шее время, причем для глагола to be — в форме мно­жественного числа (were)).

Образец: I am not free. I'm sorry, I can't go with you.

I WISH I were free.

1. I'm not free. I can't go with you. I'm sorry.

2. I'm not a doctor. I can't help you. I'm sorry.

3. I'm tint a teacher. I can't explain it. I'm sorry.

4. I in not rich. I can't buy it. I'm sorry.

5. I'm not a programmer. I can't work on it. I'm sorry.

Упражнение 6. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1. I wish ... with us now.

is/will be/were

2. We wish we ... go sightseeing with you.

will be able to/could/can

3. The wish they ... free.

are/was/were

4. She wishes she ... English very well.

knew/knows/know

5. He wishes she ... him tonight.

call/calls/called

6. I wish I ... drive better.

can/could/am able

Упражнение 7. Выполните упражнения по образцу.

Образец: Sightseeing is exciting.

It's tiring.

1. Sightseeing is exciting. 2. But it's tiring. 3. Visiting new places is interes­ting. 4. This girl is charming. 5. The news is surprising. 6. The letter is shocking. 7. The story is boring.

He/ —ed. She/—ed. They/ —ed. I/—ed. We/—ed. She/ —ed. He/—ed.

Упражнение 8. Вставьте предлоги и проверьте себя по ключу.

1. Richard and Victor are ... Washington. They are ... the hotel. This is their room.

2. I advise you to take a regular tour ... Washington.

3. Did you see the Statue ... Liberty?

— Yes, I sailed ... Manhattan-yesterday.

4. How can I take a bird's eye view of New York?

— You should go to the top ... the World Trade Center.

— Thank you .. your advice.

5. Do you often go ... Washington?

— I do. But I don't go ... train. I always go ... plane.

6. Who pays ... toll free calls?

— Big companies usually pay ... toll free calls.

7. What's this book...?

- It's ... getting more information about the city.

It's a guide-book.

8. I don't have a car, we'll take Tour mobile. We don't have to think ... parking.

Key: 1. in; 2. of; 3. of around; 4. of, for; 5. to, by, by; 6. for, for; 7. tor, for; 8. about.

Упражнение 9. Составьте диалоги.

I'm miserable, beca­use I've lost the key. Why are you so pale? I feel awful, I have a temperature. What's the matter with you? Why are you so pale? Why do you look worried? What's up? What's your trouble? How do you feel today?

have lost the key have a temperature have lost the key have a temperature haven't gotten a letter don't know what to buy don't like the proposal have been away from home too long

Упражнение 10. Скажите, как вы почувствуете себя, если:

If you lose money...

If you are in a strange place…

If you are not met at the station and don't know where to go...

If you've been away from home long...

If you receive bad news...

If you are among strangers...

If someone says unpleasant things to you…

Упражнение 11. Скажите, что бы вы сделали, если бы:

Образец: Suppose you were sent to France. (visit Paris)

— Suppose I was sent to France, I would visit Paris.

Suppose you were sent to France. Suppose you saw a lost dog. Suppose you met the president. Suppose you got an invitation to Britain. Suppose you saw a good pair of shoes. If you were asked for your address. If you went to Washington. If you visited a hospital. If you traveled by Washington Metro. If you got lost in the street.

visit Paris take it home ask him... book tickets buy it give it see the Lincoln Memorial talk to the doctors buy a fare card ask the way

UNIT 14

Shopping in New York

During the first couple of weeks I didn't buy anything except some groceries. Shopping in a supermarket is easy. You just put the things you want in a basket and bring them to a cashier. He will ring them up on the register, take your money and put the items in a bag. But be careful! The sum may be more than appears on the price tags. This is because there's a sales tax on everything except basic foods.

I didn't have too much money to spend. So I had to plan carefully. You see, I wanted to bring home some presents for my family and friends. I also wanted to buy a VCR (video cassette recorder) and a PC (personal computer) for myself.

People in the office gave me some advice. If I didn't want to spend a lot of money, they said, I should watch newspaper ads for sales. If I got to the store early on a sale day I would have a wider choice. There were different kinds of sales: semi-annual and annual sales, one-day sales, half-price sales, close-out sales, clearance sales, warehouse sales and many others. At first I just watched people shopping. Later I got a few good buys there and a couple of real bargains!

Money talks

Most American consumers read labels carefully and regularly shop at sales. But there's one exception — credit cards. They say Americans charge 500 billion dollars on their credits cards every year. Rich says two-thirds of these people pay only a portion of their monthly bills. That means they'll have to pay a high interest on the remainder. But people like using credit cards because they don't like waiting to get anything. Plastic money has become an important part of American life-style. So when you want to pay for something, you'll hear the question: «Cash or charge?»

On my daily walking tours of Manhattan I did a lot of window shopping too. On Fifth Avenue and Madison Avenue the prices gave me quite a shock. I once saw a scarf costing over $ 1,000. My friends explained to me that money was no object for customers who shopped there. This is where money really talks!

Dialogues

Vic is talking about his experiences shopping in America.

— Well, Vic, did you go shopping? A new experience, isn't it?

— Shopping is really fascinating in America. During the first week I didn't buy much. Only some groceries.

— Did you go to the supermarket?

— Yes, and at first I thought shopping was easy.

— And then?

— When I brought my shopping basket to the cashier and he rang it up for me, I was embarrassed.

— Was the total greater than you expected?

— You guessed it! I had studied all the price tags and counted the total...

— But it was different?

— It was. Because of the sales tax.

— Did the cashier explain it to you?

— Yes, he did. But it was really embarrassing.

— I rarely shop myself. But I like to give advice.

— It's not so easy for me since I do not have much money to spend.

— Oh, you can buy almost the same goods at different prices.

— It's confusing... I wish I knew why the prices are different.

— What are you thinking of buying?

— Uh, some gifts for my friends.

— And a PC for yourself?

— Yes, and a cheap video recorder.

— In that case, pay attention to which stores are having sales. Go early and maybe you'll find a bargain.

— Thanks, Rich. You are very helpful.

— Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? — Which of the two pictures do you like better? — Would you like to dine out tonight? — What would you rather do on Sunday - go for а drive; visit some museum, or what?

— Tea for me, please. And I prefer coffee. — I guess I like the bright one better. — No, I'd prefer to stay in. I'm tired. — I'd rather stay in town and do some shopping if any of the larger stores are open.

***

-Would you like more tea? I think you should visit the Science Museum. -You aren't going to reproach the man for his error? -You should sign the paper. We may change it later if you want.

-No, thank you. -No, thank you, I do to. -No, certainly not. -I refuse to.

***

-They expect you to make a report before the Board of Directors. -I'm sure you can make a report better than anyone. -Maybe you'll change your mind?

-Why should I? There are six of us, and I'm not the leader. -Oh no! -Never!

***

-Would you like some tea? -Maybe a cup of coffee? -Why don't you have some apples? -You aren't depressed or anything? -Are you homesick?

— No, thank you. — No, thank. — Thank you, I don't want to. I don't want anything. — No, certainly not. — Well, maybe I am.

***

-Would you like to go the Robinsons' with us? -They would love to have you. Do come with us. -Are you angry with me? -Tell me the reason why you don't want to go. -You must tell me the reason. -And if I promise to keep your secret, will you tell me?

-No, thank you. -No, thank you, I don't want to. -No, certainly not. -I refuse to. Don't take offence but I won't go. -Why should I? It's quite per­sonal. -Oh no! Never!

Complimenting People on Clothes

It is better not to ask the price of someone's clothes unless you know the person very well.

A. What a nice cardigan!

В. Does it look all right?

A. Yes, and it matches your scarf perfectly.

В. I got it for £28.50 in a sale.¹

A. It's incredible.

¹a sale: when goods are sold cheaply in the shops - often in spring and autumn.

***

-I like your new rain­coat.

-Is it a good fit?

-Yes, it looks fabulous.

-It only cost me £29.

-Well, that was very good value.

***

-You're looking very smart in that new jacket.

-Does it suit me?

-Yes, and I like the color, too.

-You know I only paid £27.75 for it.

***

-That's a very nice blazer you're wearing.

-Do you really like it?

-Yes, and it goes well with your new pullover, too.

-You'll never believe it, but it only cost £29.50.

-Very reasonable indeed.

Shopping

In certain cases, visitors to the U.K. can claim a refund on VAT (value-added tax) on their purchases. Ask for a form at the shop. Credit cards are now acceptable in shops, department stores and even some supermarkets.

-Are you being served?

-No. What have you got in the way of¹ brown suede jackets, size 42?

-Sorry, but we're sold right.

-Are you likely to be getting.

-I should think so, yes. If you leave your phone number, I'll ring you.

¹in the way of brown suede jackets: in brown suede jackets.

***

-Is anybody looking after you?

-No. I’m after a size 40 V-neck pullover in grey.

-The best I can do is a 36.

-Could you order me one?

-I should imagine so, yes. If you leave your address, I'll contact you.

***

- Are you being attended to?

- No. I’m trying to find a navy blue raincoat, size 42.

- I can do the size, but not the color.

- Do you think you could get one for me?

-Yes, of course. Look in again Monday week.¹

¹Monday week: a week from next Monday.

***

-Are you being seen to?

-No. I’m looking for a pinstriped suit with a 34 waist.

-I’m afraid I can't help you at the moment.

-Will you be having any more in?

-I doubt it, but you might be lucky at our High Street branch.