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17. Economic development: "captains of industry", industrialization. "The Square Deal" of Theodore Roosevelt and "The New Freedom" of w. Wilson. The us - a world leader.

A phrase that is sometimes used to describe businesspeople who are especially successful and powerful.

"Captain of industry" was a term originally used in the United Kingdom during the Industrial Revolution describing a business leader whose means of amassing a personal fortune contributes positively to the country in some way. This may have been through increased productivity, expansion of markets, providing more jobs, or acts of philanthropy. This contrasts with robber baron, a term used to describe a business leader using political means to achieve their ends.

Some nineteenth-century industrialists who were called "captains of industry" overlap with those called "robber barons." These include people such as J.P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew W. Mellon, and John D. Rockefeller. The term was coined by Thomas Carlyle in his 1843 book, Past and Present.

The title is regaining popularity in India, whose billionaires have more wealth than any other country in A business magnate, sometimes referred to as a capitalist, czar, mogul, tycoon, baron, oligarch, or industrialist, is an informal term used to refer to a person who has reached a prominent place in a particular industry (or set of industries) and whose wealth has been derived primarily therefrom.

Business oligarch is a near-synonym of the term "business magnate", borrowed by the English speaking and western media from Russian parlance to describe the huge, fast-acquired wealth of some businessmen of the former Soviet republics (mostly Russia and Ukraine) during the privatization in Russia and other post-Soviet states in 1990s. The history of the business oligarchs in post Soviet Union states is discussed in the following articles relating to specific regions of the former Soviet Union:

Robber baron is a pejorative term used for a powerful 19th century United States businessman and banker. The term may now relate to any businessman or banker who used questionable business practices to become powerful or wealthy.

The term derives from the medieval German lords who illegally charged exorbitant tolls on ships traversing the Rhine (see robber baron). There is dispute over the term's origin and use.[1] It was popularized by U.S. political and economic commentator Matthew Josephson during the Great Depression in a book in 1934. He attributed it to an 1880 anti-monopoly pamphlet that applied the term to railroad magnates. The theme was popular during the Great Depression amid public scorn for big business.

After the Depression, business historians, led by Allan Nevins, began advocating the "Industrial Statesman" thesis. Nevins, in John D. Rockefeller: The Heroic Age of American Enterprise (2 vols., 1940), took on Josephson. He argued that while Rockefeller may have engaged in some unethical and illegal business practices, this should not overshadow his bringing order to industrial chaos of the day. Gilded Age capitalists, according to Nevins, sought to impose order and stability on competitive business. Their work made the United States the foremost economy by the 20th century.

The debate was seen as useless by Alfred Chandler in The Visible Hand (1977). Chandler contended that industrializing America was a historical process and not a play of good versus evil. As he later expressed, "What could be less likely to produce useful generalizations than a debate over vaguely defined moral issues based on unexamined ideological assumptions and presuppositions?"